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what is fedarlism?
a system where power is divided between central government and subnational or local governments
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What is a confederal system?
the central government has only those powers given to it by the subnational governments; can't act directly on citizens, and can be dissolved by the states that created it
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What kind of system was the articles of confederation?
confederal system
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What is a unitary system?
national government creates subnational governments and gives them only those powers it wants them to have
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What can be eliminated by state governments?
cities, school districts, etc.
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Why choose federalism?
the division of power limits the authority of the govt
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What are mischiefs of factions?
groups of citizens seeking some goal contrary to the rights of other citizens or the well-being of the whole country that threaten national security
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What did Madison believe would stop mischief of faction?
a properly constructed government and majority rule
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What are the political costs of federalism?
- allegiance to the union can falter if too much value is placed on accomadation of state differences
- union can erode if differences among states become more important than commitment to common principles
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How are political cultures different in federalism?
different states have different political styles and attitudes
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What was New England and the Upper Mid-West's political style?
moralistic
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What was the Midwest and Easts political culture?
individualistic
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What was the deep south's political culture?
tradtionalistic
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What are the major features of American Federalism?
- stronger national govt
- restricted some of states power
- checks and balances
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What broadens federal power?
Supremacy Clause- Neccasary and proper-implied powers-elastic clause
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How did the founding fathers limit states power?
- some powers are reserved for national govt
- states cant infringe on certain rights of individuals
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What limits the powers of the national govt?
- 9th amendment
- 10th amendment
- article 4- govt cant abolish states
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What is nation-centered federalism?
- Alexander Hamiltons view in fed. papers
- gives precedence to naitional sovereignty over that of states
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What is state centered federalism?
gives precedence to state sovereignty over that of national govt
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What is dual federalism?
the national government and state govts each have seperate grants of power, with each supreme in its own sphere
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What did John Marshall do?
establish legal basis for the supremacy of national authority over states
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What was McCulloch v Maryland?
- dispute over national bank
- Maryland taxed currency issued by bank
- Marshall said the tax was unconstitutional and that states shouldnt be able to destroy bank because it was necessary and proper
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Who assumed extraordinary powers of the presidency during the civil war?
Lincoln
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Who used their office as a bully pulpit to advocate improvements of working and living conditions?
teddy Roosevelt
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What was the new deal?
- program to stimulate economic recovery and aid the needy during the great depression
- reg. many activities in business and labor
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What was the Great Society?
- Lyndon Johnson's social welfare program
- took away some of states power
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What was nixon's new federalism plan?
- consolidate several hundred grant programs into 6 major functional areas
- general revenue sharing
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What was new new federalism?
bill clinton wanted to rationalize intergovernmental relations and make government more effiecient
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Who was committed to the idea of states as laboratories?
Bill Clinton
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What is devolution?
the return of powers to make and implement policy to subunits or lower levels of government from a higher level
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Who advocated returning power to the states?
Bush
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What was supreme courts view of return to state centered federalism?
swings between support for states rights and the exercise of federal authority
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How does congress feel about state's rights?
willing to delegate some authority but supersedes states when it thinks necessary
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How do the state's fit into the federal relationship?
balance power between washington and state capitols
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What are federal state's relations?
cooperation among federal, state, and local officials in carrying out the business of the government
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What conflicts are there between federal and state relations?
- unfunded mandates
- management of federally owned land
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What are unfunded mandates?
laws or regulations imposed on the states unaccompanied by sufficient funding to implement them
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What do Lobbyists do for states and localities?
lobby for favorable legislation and work with agencies to make sure that new regulations are implemented in a way that is acceptable to states
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What is the full faith and credit clause?
requires states to recognize contracts made in other states
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What are interstate compacts?
formal agreements to deal with a shared problem
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Why is there interstate competition?
cultural, political, and regional differences
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Do people feel closer to state or federal government?
state govt is smaller, but voter turnouts suggest there is less interest in state than national
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Does federalism make government more responsive?
yes, if people's demands are rejected at one level they can go to another level
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