The flashcards below were created by user
westerngal95
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient- requires no energy
Diffusion
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same as diffusion but uses a carrier to transfer through
facilitated diffusion
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requires energy to move through the bilayer
active transport
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where is cholesterol located?
In the phospholipid bi layer (adds structure)
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found prokaryotes/eukaryotes
consist of lipid bilayer and proteins
plasma membrane
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protein synthesis
RNA and Protein
Ribosomes
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contains chlorophyll
needed for photosynthesis
chloroplast
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"powerhouse of cell", cellular respiration, forms ATP
Mitochondria
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"Post Office" modifies, packages, sends proteins
Golgi Apparatus
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oxidation, detoxifies drugs and toxins
peroxisomes
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only in plant cells, made of cellulose
cell wall
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where DNA is, "command center"
nucleus
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stynthesis of RNA
nucleolus
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digestion and cellular recycling
lysosomes
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protein synthesis
rough ER
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stores water and nutrients
central vacuole
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glucose -> pyruvate, occurs in cytoplasm
glycolysis
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(krebs) produces CO2, occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Citric Acid Cycle
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uses O2 as electron acceptor, NADH-> NAD+
uses electron carriers and proton pump to form ATP
Electron transport/oxidative phosphorilation
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pyruvate to acids or alcohols, makes 2 ATP from sub. phos.
occurs in cytosol
Fermentation
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shrink, greater solute
hypertonic
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swell, less solute
hypotonic
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what do enzymes do?
increase rate of reaction
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what occurs in the cytosol?
fermentation and glycolysis
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3 types of cytoskeleton
- microtubles-shape cell
- microfilaments-function in muscle contractions
- intermediate filaments- fix organelles
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Output of Cellular Respiration
- 10 NADH
- 2 FADH
- 30 to 32 ATP per glucose
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How do larger molecules cross?
Exocytosis or phagocytosis
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Long distance signaling
uses hormones
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3 stages of cell signaling?
- reception
- transduction
- response
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local signaling
neurontransmitter
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releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into small ones
catabolic pathways
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Light reactions input and output
- in: light, water, ADP, NADP+
- out: ATP, NADHP, O2
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Calvin Cycle in and out
- in: ATP, NADPH, CO2
- out: ADP, NADP+, G3P
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"self feeders" convert solar energy to chemical energy
autotrophs
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obtain organic material from other organisms
heterotrophs
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photosynthesis occurs in...
- plants, alga, unicellular protists, and some bacteria
- where theres chlorophyll
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Where do light reactions occur?
thylakoid membrane
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where does the calvin cycle take place?
in the stroma
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Citric Acid cycle
- completes oxidation of glucose
- produces CO2
1 glucose = 8 NADH
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any process that transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP is called
substrate phosphorylation
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