Cells and tissues

• -Cellulose
• -Wall structure
• -Physical charactertics
• -Middle lamella
• -Pits/ Plasmodosmata

• Polymer of beta glucose
• -Hydrpgens bond keep the molecule straight and together
• -In cell wall, them are bundle of cellulose molecules.
•    -40 molecule/bundle
•      -microfibril

• Outside the protoplast
• 1.) Cellulose microfibrils
• 2.) Hemicellulose attached to microfibirls- link microfibrils together
• 3.) Pectin- Get linked matrix filling in space.

(Cell Wall)- very flexible and will not stretch

glues adjacent cell wall together

• Pits- hole thru cell wall (in clusters)
• Plasmodosmata- tubular extension of plasma membrane

• Construction
• Component(link microfibrils, no pectin)
• -Cellulose
• -Hemicellulose
• -Lignin: Phenyl propane alcohol (Monomer of lignin)
•    -Not stretchable,stiff, elastic

• Primary tissue(ground tissue, Epidermal, Vascular)
• Secondary tissue

• Paraenchyma
• - primary cell wall (thin)
• -Living
• -Function: metabolic
• Collenchyma
• - primary cell wall varying thickness (thick and thin)
• -Living
• -Resident (flexible) support
• Sclerenchyma
• -primary and secondary cell wall (thick)
• -Nonliving
• -Support, water transport
• -Shell (protection)
• -Fibers: long, narrow
• -Sclends: Short,Thick

• Oridinary epidermal cells
• Guard cells

• Xylem
• a.)Tracheary element (primary and secondary cellwalls)
•    - tracheids: no protoplasts, water through secondary cell wall pits and crosses primary cell wall.
•    - vessel element: No primary cell wall in the Pits than tracheids (perforation and shorter and wider than tracheids)
• b.) Fibers
• C.) Collwnchyma
• d.) Parachyme
• Phloem
• A.) sieve tube members
• B.) companion cell
• C.) Fiber
• (A,B, and C is sugar condition)
• D.) Collenchyma
• E.) Parenchyma

Meristems: Embryonic tissue regions, primarily concerned with formation of new cells. (primary and secondary)

procambium :A primary meristematic tissue that gives rise to primary vascular tissues.

vascular cambium: A cylindrical sheath of meristematic cells that divides toproduce secondary phloem and secondary xylem.

secondary growth: In plants, growth derived from secondary or lateralmeristems, the vascular cambium and cork cambium, that results in anincrease in girth; in contrast to primary growth, which results in an increase in length.

periderm: Outer protective tissue thatreplaces epidermis when it is destroyed during secondary growth; includescork, cork cambium, and phelloderm.

heartwood: Nonliving and commonly dark-colored wood in which no watertransport occurs; it is surrounded by sapwood.

sapwood: Outer part of the wood of a stem or trunk, usually distinguished fromthe heartwood by its lighter color; part of woody stem in which conductionof water takes place