Ch. 16 Systematics

Science has identified nearly ___ million species of plants and animals

E. O. Wilson suggests that there are possibly __-__ million species present on the planet.

Encompasses the science of taxonomy, including classification as a process that involves identifying new species and classifying individuals into groups with names that describe their position in the classification system.

The naming of groups of organisms and the rules governing the application of these names

Each organism is assigned a __

The genus name is always __ and the species names is always ___. This Latin scientific name is always ___ or underlined when written.

The "classical species concept"

Concept defined by Mayr as having two aspects: 1) a group of interbreeding populations, 2) reproductive isolation from other such groups

This concept uses genetic divergence based on allelic frequencies that can be measured by statistical methods

Concept that defines a species as "a lineage which occupies and adaptive zone minimally different from that of any other lineage in its range and which evolves seperately from all lineages in its range."

Concept uses lineages, but with single branches. Focuses on the phylogenetic relationships.

Concept that defines each species as a population of independently evolving lineage

the evolutionary relationships among organism

recently evolved traits or features

similarities inherited with little or no change from a common ancestor

the development of similar characters or states in different lineages but without a common direct ancestry