CH5 ntd303

most fat found in food and our bodies is in the form of a ?

what is a triglyceride made up of?

provide the most energy per gram

3 classifications of lipids?

a three carbon alcohol compound

made up of glycerol, fatty acids and a phosphate group

cholesterol and lecithin

ring structures?

all single bonds in carbon backbone with hydrogen and carbon

contains 1 or more double bonds in carbon backbone

essential fatty acids?

methyl group at one end, acid group at another end

fatty acids are an ____ ___

full of hydrogens (all single bonds)

missing hydrogen (double bonds)

linolenic acid?

linoleic acid?

how to figure out if it is omega 3 or 6?

one double bond?

more than 1 double bond?

c-c=c-c

c-c=c=c-c-c

chief form of fat in the diet

fatty acid tails can be ___ or ___

unsaturated fats? ex?

saturated fats? ex?

pulls off water molecules?

spoilage of fats (oils)

causes of rancidity

what do people do to slow down rancidity?

characteristics of solid fats and oils

liquid to solid? aka unsat to sat?

unrecognizable by the body

heart healthy fats

T or F sat fat=transfat
True False

phospholipids have both a ____ and ____  parts?

water fearing fatty acid tails?

water loving phosphorous

phospholipids make good?

#1 source saturated fatty acid?

#1 source monounsaturated fatty acid?

#1 source omega 6?

#1 source omega 3?

helps vitamins and hormones pass easily through cells

ex of emulsifications?

emulsifiers in the food industry

roles of phospholipids?

phospholipids are soluble in

food sources that contain phospholipds

only found in animal products

recommendation for cholesterol?

2 types of sterols?

lowers bad cholesterol

roles of sterols?

fats are water fearing, aka

digestive enzymes are water loving, aka

goal of fat digestion?

lipid digestion begins in the ____ with ____ ___

____ begins in the stomach

what does emulsification allow?

most fat digestion occurs in the ?

enzyme found in stomach that breaks down fat

enzyme found in the mouth?

when fat enters the small intestine, ____ is released and this signals ?

made in liver, stored in gallbladder

_____ ____ removes the triglycerides fatty acids one at a time, leaving behind a monoglyceride

here, new triglycerides get packaged into transport vehicles

package monoglycerides and large fatty acids into triglycerides

2 routes of lipid absorption

what parts of lipids go directly into the bloodstream?

what parts of lipids go through lymphatic system before entering bloodstream?

____ get released from the ___ ___ and hop into the ____ system and will travel through the ___ until they reach a point of entry into the ___ just behind the heart and eventually make their way to the ____

the more lipids packaged in the lipoprotein, the ?

the more protein packaged into the lipoprotein the?

As ____ moves through the body, it begins to shrink as triglycerides are removed

what become the predominant lipid and the VLDL become ?

bad cholesterol?

group of vehicles made up of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein that transport lipids through bloodstream

four main types of lipoproteins?

largest and least dense, transport diet derived lipids, liver removes remnants from food

made in the liver, composed of triglycerides

circulate throughout body to provide cell needs

remove cholesterol from cells, carry cholesterol to liver for recycling, anti flamatory properties

good cholesterol?

LDL increases risk for?

HDL protects ?

lipids made in the liver and those collected from chylomicron remnants are packaged with some protein as ____ and shipped to other parts of the body

foods high in sat fats raise?

what raises HDL?

triglycerides are how many calories per gram?

role of triglycerides?

what is triglycerides 1st and foremost job?

the body's fat stores have unlimited capacity thanks to the special cells of the ?

actively secretes several hormones and is a storage depot for fat

proteins that help regulate energy balance and influence several body functions

two fatty acids that the human body cant make?

essential fatty acids?

sources of omega 6 fatty acid?

sources of omega 3 fatty acid? aka linolenic

DHA and EPA?

these omega 3 fatty acids are essential for normal growth, visual acuity and cognitive development

helps to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting and other body functions

most fatty acid deficiencies occur in infants who have been fed fat free milk or in hospital patients, what are they missing out on

symptoms of fatty acid deficiencies

hydrolyzes triglycerides from the meal you ate,
then the components are reassembled by enzymes in the adipose cells into
triglycerides where they can then be stored inside the adipose cells

spare protein so that it can be used for other
important tasks

supplies 60% of the body’s ongoing energy needs during rest.

During energy deprivation, lipase enzymes inside the adipose cells

what happens to a person who fasts?

the complete breakdown of fat requires ___ or ___ so even on a total fast, a person cannot lose more than half a pound of pure fat per day

increases the risk of some chronic disease

the best thing to do is ___ solid fats in the diet

what does the blood lipid profile reveal?

elevated LDL is a major risk factor for?

major dietary choice sources?

it is important to choose ?

____ ___ does not seem to initiate cancer development, but instead seems to promote cancer once it has arisen

people who eat ___ ___ __ regularly may exceed their energy needs and gain weight, especially if they are inactive

increase LDL cholesterol, promotes blood clotting

elevated blood cholesterol comes from?

recommended intake of fat?

limit hydrogenated foods to cut down on?

sources of sat fat in the US?

the Mediterranean diet is ___ in sat fat, __ __ in trans fat, ___ in unsat fat, and ___ in complex carbs and fiber