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the transfer of heat between two objects that are touching each other is called:
conduction
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the transfer of heat by the movement through a medium (usually air or water) is called:
convection
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the transfer of energy without the use of a medium is called:
- radiation
- ex: sun, diathermy
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the change from the liquid state to the gaseous state that requiers thermal energy to be removed from the body is called:
evaporation
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describe reflection:
- return of the wave; bounces off the skin
- ultrasound: thats why gel is needed, w/o gel the wave bounces back into the wand
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describe transmission:
- energy is transfered to to the deepest tissues from superfiscial
- skin, adipose, fascia, muscle
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describe refraction:
bending of a wave
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the process of a medium collecting thermal energy and changing it into kinetic energy is called:
absorption
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to enable energy to affect the body, it must be absorbed by the tissues at a level sufficient to stimulate a physiological response, is called:
arndt-schultz principle
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the arndt-schultz prinicple is translated into clinical application through:
the application of the proper modality, at the proper intensity, for the appropriate duration
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is your tx appropriate?
is it causing a desired phyisologic change?
the ability of a modality or tx to produce the intened effects is called:
efficacy
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Electromagnetic energy is most efficently transmitted to the tissues when it strikes body at a 90 angle
because the angle of incidience deviates away from 90 degrees, the efficiency of the energy affecting the tissues is decreased by:
Cosine Law
effective energy = Energy x cosine of the angle of incidence
intensity of tx is reduced
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the intensity of the energy striking the tissues is proportional to the square of the distance between the source of the energy and the tissues called:
- inverse square law
- the further away your tx is, the less intense it is
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the inverse relationship between the penetration and absorption of energy is called:
law of grotthus draper
- more absorption=less penetration
- less absorption=more penetration
- ex: hot pack- superficical surface absorbs heat, so it doesnt allow for penetration deeper
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the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a substance by a given number of degrees is called:
specific heat
- the greater the specific heat = more energy required to heatsubstances with higher specific heat hold more energy
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the conductive heat transfer is dependent on which 6 things:
- area applied
- thermal conductivity of tissues
- total time the modality is applied
- temperature gradient b/w modality and tissues
- distances separating the thermal gradient
- greater temperature gradient = deeper effects of tx
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