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each G protein has how many subunits and what are they called?
three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma.
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what is the configuration of the g protein in its resting state?
the entire complex is floating, attached to the cell membrane, not far from the GPCR. The alpha subunit has GDP attached to it.
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what happens immediately once the G protein complex comes into contact with a transmitter-bound receptor?
it releases GDP and exchanges it for a GTP. It then splits into the parts, the alpha subunit, and the gamma/beta complex.
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what can the alpha subunit and gamma/beta complex do once they are activated?
they can influence various effector proteins,
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true or false, the alpha subunit of the G protein is an enzyme that eventually breaks down GTP ointo GDP, terminating its own activity?
true
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G proteins can activate one of two different effector proteins. What are they?
ion channels and other effector enzymes
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what is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
glutamate
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what is divergence?
the ability of one transmitter to activate more than one subtype of receptor
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what is convergence?
when multiple neurotransmitters activate their own receptor type and converge to affect the same effector systems
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