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What are the four primary tissue types?
- Epithelial: covering
- Connective: support
- Muscle: movement
- Nervous: Control
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What is the role of epithelium?
- Protection
- absorption
- filtration
- excretion
- secretion
- sensory reception
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What are the five special characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Polarity
- Specialized contacts
- Supported by connective tissue
- avascular but innervated
- Regneration
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How is epithelial tissue classified?
- Number of layers: simple or stratified
- Shape of the cell: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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Endothelium
provides a slick, friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels and heart.
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Mesothelium
epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs.
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Gland
- consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.
- Classified as endocrine or exocrine
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Types of exocrine glands
- Merocrine: most common; secrete their products by exocytosis
- holocrine: accumulate their product until they rupture
- apocrine: controversy regarding if there are any in humans.
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tensile strength
Ability to resist longitudinal stress
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Primary blast cell types by connective tissue class
- Connective tissue proper: fibroblast
- cartilage: chondroblast
- bone: osteoblast
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Mast cells
sensitive sentinels that detect foreign microorganisms
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Macrophages
Large, irregularly shaped cells that avidly phagocytize a road variety of foreign materials
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Mesenchyme
- derived from embryonic mesoderm
- the common embryonic tissue that connective tissue arise from
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Edema
Affected area swells and becomes puffy, a condition caused by an inflamed areolar issue that soaks up excess fluids like a sponge.
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Cartilage
- lacks nerve fiber
- avascular
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Muscle tissue
- highly cellular
- Well vascularized
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What are the differences between an inflammatory response and immune response?
- Inflammatory response: relatively nonspecific reaction that develops quickly where ever tissues are injured
- Immune response: extremely specific, but takes longer to swing into action.
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Steps of tissue repair
- 1. Inflammation sets the stage: severed blood vessels bleed; local blood vessels become more permeable; clotting occurs; surface dries and forms a scab
- 2. Organization (1st phase of tissue repair) restores the blood supply: clot is replaced by granulation tissue, which restores the vascular supply; fibroblasts produce collagen fibers that bridge the gap; macrophages phagocytize cell debris
- 3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair: the fibrosed area matures and contracts; the epithelium thickens; a fully regenerated epithelium with an underlying area of scar tissue results.
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Regenerative capabilities of nerve tissue, regular connective tissue, Smooth and Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle and dense regular connective tissue have a moderate capacity for regeneration
- Skeletal muscle and cartilage have a weak regenerative capacity
Cardiac muscle and the nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord have virtually no functional regenerative capacity.
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