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Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of America?
Myocardial Infarction
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Which of the following is characterized by incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously inflated lungs?
Atelectasis
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Which of the following involves separation of the diaphragmatic crura & widening of the space between the muscular crura & the esophageal wall?
Hiatal Hernia
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Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by accumulation of toxic levels of copper in many tissue & organs, mostly in the liver, brain, & the eye?
Wilson’s Disease
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Which of the following is a cancer of the connective tissue that usually spreads via the blood stream?
Sarcoma
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Which of the following is a cancer of the epithelial tissue that usually spreads via the lymphatic system?
Carcinoma
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Which of the following cells is produced predominately by an inflammatory response to Salmonella?
Neutrophil
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What organism is the most common opportunist to infect AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis carni
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Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B-27 & increased risk of deformity?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Toxic Megacolon is a complication of which of the following?
Ulcerative Colitis
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Skip lesions are a characteristic of which of the following?
Krohn’s Disease
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Aschoff bodies are characteristic of which of the following?
Rheumatic Fever
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Pseudohypertrophy is most common in which of the following muscle disorders?
Duchanne’s Dystrophy
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The most threatening effect of Guillian Barre is on which of the following muscles?
Respiratory
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Dry eyes & mouth are symptoms of which of the following autoimmune diseases?
Sjogen’s Syndrome
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Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?
Endothelial
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Sequestra frequently accompany which of the following?
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
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What is the primary mechanism of inflammatory edema?
Increased Permeability of the Capillary Wall
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The most common sites for cardiac valvular vegetations are which of the following valves?
Aortic & Mitral Valves
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Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which organ?
Lung
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Who is considered the father of pathology?
Pasteur
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What characteristic is least suggestive of malignancy in a growing tumor?
Fibrous Capsule (usually benign)
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Which of the following secrete both heparin & histamine?
Mast Cells
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Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize where?
Skeletal Muscle
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Which of the following affects both salivary & lacrimal ducts?
Sjogen’s
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Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Aortic Valve
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Which leukemia has the Philadelphia Chromosome?
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
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Which of the following leads to decreased bone density?
Osteoporosis
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A female with gonorrhea may pass it via delivery by which of the following?
Opthalmia Neonatorum
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Which of the following has the best prognosis?
Astrocytoma
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Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestines?
Adenosarcoma
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Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Mitral Valve
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Which of the following is characteristic of a neoplasm?
It Cannot Return To Normal
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Where are neoplasms most commonly formed?
Epithelium
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Multiple myofibromas & café au-lait spots are associated with which of the following?
Von Recklinghausen’s
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Which part of the spinal cord is most affected by myotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Anterior Horn
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Which of the following are findings in a patient with tetralogy of fallot?
Pulmonary Stenosis & Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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What describes thrombophlebitis?
Venous Inflammation & Thrombus
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What describes right side heart failure?
Distention of Neck Veins, Dependant Edema, Liver Enlargement
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Systemic fibrosis is seen in which of the following?
Scleroderma
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What organism is most responsible for pneumonia in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystic Carni
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Which of the following immunoglobulins are associated with a Type II response?
IgG & IgM
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Which of the following is a common cause of right side heart failure?
Left Side Heart Failure
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Pernicious anemia is due to a lack of which of the following?
Intrinsic Factor
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Which of the following disorders affects myoneural junction?
Myasthenia Gravis
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Which arteries are involved in giant cell arteritis?
Temporal
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T-helper cells are seen in which types of immunity?
Type IV
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Presenile dementia is seen in which of the following?
Alzheimer’s Disease
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A female with gonorrhea may pass it to the child when?
During Delivery
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Which Leukemia is involved with the Philadelphia Chromosome?
CML
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A person with Galactosemia should avoid which of the following?
Lactose (milk)
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Pernicious anemia & lack of Vitamin B12 results in ______________.
Spinal Cord Degeneration
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Which of the following causes pitting edema?
Congestive Heart Failure
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What causes edema of flanks & fatty changes in the liver?
Alcoholism
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Which of the following cause a cyanotic condition?
Dextroposition of the Aorta
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The Philadelphia Chromosome is a risk factor for which Leukemia?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
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Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?
Sequestrium
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What are patients with asbestosis predisposed to?
Mesothelioma
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A periosteal reaction described radiologically as a sunburst reaction is most common in which of the following?
Osteosarcoma
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Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
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Circulatory levels of which of the following increase during an acute inflammatory response?
Neutrophil
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Which disease presents with chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegally?
Felty’s Syndrome
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What is an a.k.a. for Marie Strumpell’s Disease?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?
Parkinson’s Disease
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Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin B12
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Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting in the 1st 3 weeks of life?
Pyloric Stenosis
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What is the most common benign tumor of the spine?
Hemangioma
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What causes hoarseness associated with a carcinoma in the apex of the lung?
Laryngeal Nerve Damage
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Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue injury?
Histamine
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What happens to a cell as a result of thyroid goiter?
Hyperplasia
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Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is the most common in patients under 40?
Graves Disease
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What are the 4 steps associated with thrombus?
- 1. Dissolving
- 2. Recanalization
- 3. Obstruction
- 4. Embolism
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Which of the following does a lesion that has casious necrosis in the center surrounded by endothelial macrophages characterize?
TB
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The release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes which of the following?
Vasodialation of Arterioles (redness)
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Which of the following occurs in a Keloid?
Hypertrophic Enlargement of Scar Tissue
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Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?
Lipoma
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Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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What would a deficiency of Vitamin C most often affect?
Connective Tissue
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Chronic alcoholism, which leads to Wernecke-Korsakoff Syndrome, causes what type of vitamin deficiency?
B1
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme’s Disease?
Bulls Eye Rash
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Which of the following is associated with Kleinfelter’s Syndrome?
XXY Chromosome Abnormality
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Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?
Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. DJD)
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Which of the following is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Pannus Formation
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Which of the following is responsible for post-infectious glomulonephritis?
Beta-Hemolytic Strep
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Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?
Pregnant Females
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What is the definition of cardiac temponade?
Fluid in the Pericardial Space
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Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency disease?
Bruton’s
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Which of the following results from hyperparthyroidism?
Osteopenia
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What type of collagen can be found @ the end of wound healing?
Type I
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What type of collagen is found 1st (earliest) in a wound?
Type III
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What type of collagen is located in the basement membrane?
Type IV
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A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?
Magnesium
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A patient with a yolk cell tumor of the testes likely has an elevation in which of the following blood serum levels?
Alpha-fetoprotein
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Tensile strength is the proteinaceous deposition of __________ in a healing wound.
Collagen
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A cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane or the tissue of origin is called _________________.
Carcinoma In Situ
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Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
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Which of the following diseases produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons?
Post-Infectious Polyradiculitis
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Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tone & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities, weakening of respiratory muscles are characteristic of which of the following deficiencies?
Calcium
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Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?
Lung
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Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration to which of the following arteries?
Middle Meningeal
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Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following conditions?
Gouty Arthritis
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Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
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Which of the following causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
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Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Distal Interphalangeal
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What is the most common cause of Cirrhosis of the Liver?
Chronic Alcoholism
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What is the most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurisms in the elderly?
Atherosclerosis
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What is the 1st sign of artherosclerosis?
Fatty Streaks
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Which of the following causes lobar pneumonia?
Streptococcus
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What is the mechanism that allows the Herpes Virus to stay in the body after the original infection?
Sequestering of the Virus Genome in the Sensory Neuron
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Where does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?
The Lower Extremities
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Where can the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?
Ocular Muscles
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Pitting edema is typically cause by what?
Congestive Heart Failure
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What condition is probably present when the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?
Prostatic Carcinoma
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Which of the following would cause the prostate to feel boggy upon palpation?
Prostatitis
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What exudative lesion is caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis & contains casious necrosis?
Ghon Lesions
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Which disease is Brodie’s Abscess associated with?
Osteomyelitis
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Which disease is associated with TB of the spine?
Pott’s Disease
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What is another name for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Still’s Disease
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Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear _________.
Condensation
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Which of the following is a vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?
Raynaud’s Disease
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Horner’s Syndrome?
Dyspnea
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What would a hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain likely result in?
Coma
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What is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitus?
Arthus Phenomenon
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Which of the following is associated with subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta?
Marfan’s Syndrome
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In most types of allergic reactions which of the following mediates the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability?
Histamine
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Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
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What causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
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Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Interphalangeal Joints
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Which of the following may lead to Megaloblastic Anemia?
Atrophic Gastric Mucosa
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Antibodies against double stranded DNA are most characteristic of which of the following?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins most commonly cause autoimmune disease?
IgG & IgM
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What will a protein deficient diet produce?
Kwashiorkor
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Dermatitis, dementia & diarrhea are characteristic of which of the following?
Niacin (B3) Deficiency
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Which of the following causes beri beri?
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency
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Delayed healing of wounds & rapid mobilization of Vitamin A in the liver may be due to what type of deficiency?
Zinc
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Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called __________________.
Legg Calve Perthe's
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Which of the following is most likely to accompany Otto’s Pelvis?
Osteomalacia
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Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Osteoid Osteoma?
Pain that is most severe at night & is relieved by aspirin
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What are bone spurs & lipping of vertebral bodies characteristic of?
DJD
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What is the most common fracture of the wrist?
Collie’s Fracture
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A common source of lytic metastasis to bone in females is the ________________________.
Lungs (lungs are always lytic)
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Which of the following is most likely to develop into ankylosis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Which of the following is the primary site of pathology in Osteoarthritis?
Articular Cartilage
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Which of the following causes excessive release of Ach?
Tetanus
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Which of the following is the most common benign tumor in the adult?
Astrocytoma
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Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?
B12 Deficiency
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Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire gastrointestinal tract?
Peutz Jegher’s Disease
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Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in approximately 1/3 of the patients with which of the following conditions?
AIDS
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Which of the following represents Type II hypersensitivity?
- Erythroblastosis?
- Good Pasture Syndrome
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X linked gammaglobulinemia of Bruton is characterized by which of the following?
B-cell deficiency
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Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?
Panacinar Emphysema
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Neonatal hyaline membrane disease is due to which of the following?
Absence of Surfactant
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Which of the following is a genetic defect that causes multiple neuromas?
Von Recklinhausen’s Disease
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The primary biochemical requirement for the diagnosis of Gout is which of the following?
Uric Acid Levels In The Blood
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What is Podagra?
Gout of the big toe
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A fine lateral webbing of the neck would indicate which of the following?
Turner’s Syndrome
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Which of the following reactions is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?
Arthus
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Episodes of temporary blindness & weakness of the dorsiflexors is a characteristic of which of the following?
Multiple Sclerosis
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Which of the following has the greatest potential of degenerating the dorsal columns of the spinal cord?
Tertiary Syphilis
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Which is a poly neuropathy that follows a viral infection?
Giullian Barre
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Coagulation necrosis results from which of the following?
Ischemia
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Which of the following characterizes Amylordosis?
Interstitial Glycogen Deposits
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Which of the following is a reversible cell change?
Metaplasia
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The absence of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus is characteristic of which of the following?
Hirshprung’s Disease (congenital megacolon)
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Which of the following occurs when histamine is released in the skin as a result of cutaneous trauma?
Vasodialation of the affected area
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New capillaries infiltrate the periphery of a hematoma by producing collagen during a process known as ___________.
Organization
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The circulating level of which blood cell is increased during the body’s response to bacterial infection?
Neutrophils
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Eosinophils are increased by the presence of which of the following?
Virus
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Which cell is present in an area of chronic inflammation & has many nuclei scattered in its cytoplasm?
Foreign Body Giant Cell
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A patient who presents with a severe headache & a hard painful superficial temporal artery probably has which of the following?
Temporal Arteritis
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Which tumor is characterized by excessive production of Catacholemine?
Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Medulla
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Which condition features dilated, elongated, torturous alteration of the superficial veins?
Varicosity
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Which is the most common area of the brain to find an aneurysm?
Subarachnoid
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Which of the following does not accompany acute inflammation?
Formation of Granulation Tissue
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An abscess of an appendicular head generally contains which type of exudate?
Pyogenic
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SI Joints are usually affected in what condition?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Which is the most common hepatic malignancy?
Metastasis from the Breast or Lung
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Which is the most common histological pattern in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma?
Squamous Cell
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Which of the following are Parkinson’s inclusion bodies?
Lewy Bodies
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What area of the body does Mallory Weiss Syndrome affect?
Esophagus
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Which of the following causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves?
Guillian Barre Syndrome
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Which of the following causes demyelination of the nerves in the CNS?
Multiple Sclerosis
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What is the most common nephrotic tumor in children?
Wilm’s Tumor
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What is the most common leukemia in children?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
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What is the most common muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne’s
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Black tarry stools are seen in which of the following?
Peptic Ulcer
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What is the most common neoplasm of the heart?
Myxoma
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What is the most common cancer of the testes?
Seminoma
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Over 2/3 of the cases are idiopathic in which of the following?
Aplastic Anemia
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Which of the following organisms is most commonly found in adult cases of meningitis?
Strep pneumoniae
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Which of the following can cause asthma in kids?
2nd Hand Smoke
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A true hermaphrodite has which of the following?
Both Male & Female Tissue
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Which of the following can cause a fat embolism?
Fracture of the Shaft of a Long Bone
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Which of the following is the atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs with normal serum calcium levels?
Dystrophic Calcification
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Increased secretion from the anterior pituitary gland following closure of the epiphyseal plates could produce which of the following?
Acromegaly
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A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?
Magnesium
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Who is the most infectious member of the family?
School Age Children
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by T-cell deficiency due to lack of development of the 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of the hearts great vessels, mouth, ears, & fauces?
di Georges
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Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in which of the following?
Oligiodendroglioma
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Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency?
Burton’s Agammaglobulimia
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Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the following?
Increased Immune Cells
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Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with Hepato-Splenomegaly?
Gaucher’s
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Which of the following is a pigment found in regressive cells such as old age pigment?
Lipofusion
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Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?
- A. Breast 80% osteolytic, 20% osteoblastic
- B. Lung always lytic
- C. Prostate 80% osteoblastic, 20% osteolytic
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Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?
Lipoma
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Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue damage?
Histamine
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What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid goiter?
Hyperplasia (increased # of cells)
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Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40?
Graves Disease
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Which of the following is characterized by Recanalization?
Thrombus (restores flow)
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Which of the following Vitamin deficiencies causes megaloblastic anemia?
Vitamin B12
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The most common neoplasm in AIDS patients is which of the following?
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma (best answer)
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2nd best answer)
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Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?
Sequestrium
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Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
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Dilation of the inner mammary & subscapular arteries, hypertension & weakness of the upper limbs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following?
Coarctation of the Aorta (stricture)
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Which cells are increased during viral infections?
Lymphocytes
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by a congenital absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation & dilation of the colon?
Hirshprung’s Disease
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of a 45X Karyotype?
Turner’s Syndrome
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Which of the following causes cretinism?
Hypothyroidism
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Which of the following involves malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube?
Anacephaly
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Which of the following involves failure of the caudal portion of the neural tube to close?
Spina Bifida
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Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?
Alzheimer’s Disease
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Which of the following is an inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive movement disorder & dementia?
Huntington Disease
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Which of the following causes the tunica media of medium sized arteries to calcify?
Monkeberg’s Sclerosis
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Which of the following affects the temporal arteries & is associated with long standing hypertension?
Temporal Arteritis
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Which of the following is also known as the “pulse less disease”?
Takayasu Arteritis
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Which of the following is associated with granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch?
Takayasu Arteritis
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When there is a degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected?
Autonomic Function
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A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which of the following?
Burkett’s Lymphoma
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Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia?
Anemia
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Patch consolidation of the lung is characteristic of which of the following?
Bronchopneumonia
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Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the __________ artery.
Temporal
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A genetic defect in the conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine in the liver would result in which of the following?
Mental Retardation
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A young male from Central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the jaw area. What is the diagnosis?
Burkett’s Lymphoma
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A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates where?
The Lower Extremity
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Where would the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?
Extraocular Muscles
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What type of disease is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Autoimmune
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Which of the following characterizes Pyknosis?
Nuclear Condensation
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Mask-Like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristics of which of the following diseases?
Scleroderma
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What is a functional vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?
Dyspnea
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Mature cells of atypical size, shape & organization are characteristic of which of the following ?
Dysplasia
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Antibody synthesis is a primary function of which of the following?
Plasma Cells
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Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulation
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What is the most common location for Chondroma?
Sacrum
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Reed Sternberg Cells are associated with which of the following?
Hodgkin’s Disease
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Which heart valve does Rheumatic Fever affect?
Mitral
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Which heart valve does Syphilis affect?
Tricuspid
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Osteoarthritis (DJD)?
Joint Swelling
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Which of the following describes smoker’s cell transformation?
Columnar Metaplasia
-
Which vitamin deficiency causes diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis?
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
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Osteomalacia is due to which of the following?
Calciferol (Vitamin D) Deficiency
-
Granulation is associated with which of the following?
Chronic Inflammation
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Which of the following is also known as “joint mice disease”?
Osteoarthritis
-
Which of the following is most important in wound healing?
Vitamin C
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What is the most common primary malignancy of bone?
Multiple Myeloma
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Which of the following causes atrophy of the villi?
Celiac Sprue
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Which of the following causes destruction of the synovial capsule?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Liquafactive Necrosis is associated with which of the following?
CNS
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Which of the following is a tumor of the skeletal muscle?
Rhabdomyoma
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Which of the following would cause loss of motor control & trouble walking?
Cerebellar Lesion
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Which of the following causes Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia?
Chronic Iron Deficiency
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Which of the following causes Lymphocytosis?
Viral Infection
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Which of the following would result in sensitivity to gluten?
Celiac Disease
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Which of the following causes total bone marrow destruction?
Aplastic Anemia
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Which of the following can be classified as systemic fibrosis?
Scleroderma
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A teratoma involves which of the following?
All 3 Germ Layers
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Right heart failure would cause which the following?
Liver & Spleen Dysfunction
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Which of the following is the most common myocardial infarct?
Descending Branch of the Left Coronary Artery
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Which of the following is a sign of Cystic Fibrosis?
Increased NACL in Sweat
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Increased clastic & blastic activity is associated with _________.
Paget’s Disease
-
Which of the following describes Intusseption?
Telescoping of the Intestines
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Which of the following would be suspected in a 25-year-old female with post-coital bleeding?
Endometriosis
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Hypogonadism is a common finding in which of the following?
Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
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Normal lower GI tract mucosa separated by severely inflamed segments would indicate which of the following?
Krohn’s Disease
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Which of the following has the least favorable prognosis?
Carcinoma of the Pancreas
-
Which of the following initiates an enzyme cascade that produces bradykinin?
Hagman Factor
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Which of the following is a benign tumor of the Uterus?
Leiomyoma
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Dermal sclerosis, thermal dysfunction of the distal extremities & elongation of the distal hand bones would indicate which of the following?
Marfan’s Syndrome
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What is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents?
Osteosarcoma
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If lateral palating processes fail to join @ the midline it results in which of the following?
Cleft Palate
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Death due to acute poliomyelitis is from which of the following?
Respiratory paralysis
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A 30 year old with coughing, fever & night sweats has which of the following?
TB
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What is the most common site for a fungal infection?
Skin
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Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes are associated with which of the following?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
-
Which of the following affects the Diaphysis?
Ewing’s Sarcoma
-
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the hands & feet?
Enchondroma
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A cerebral infarct causes which type of necrosis?
Liquifactive
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Tabes dorsalis is associated with which of the following?
Syphilis
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Which of the following causes cavitation in the spinal cord?
Syringomyelia
-
Which of the following causes adult Acromegaly?
Hyperpituitaryism
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Atherosclerosis affects which blood vessel layer?
Tunica Intima
-
Which condition is characterized by an imbalance of osteoclastic & osteoblastic activity?
Osteoporosis
-
Which of the following is associated with transplant rejection?
Type IV Hypersensitivity
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Which of the following is characteristic of a malignant neoplasm?
Infiltration
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What is granulomatis tissue made up of?
Capillaries & Fibroblasts
-
Hansen’s disease is known as ____________.
Leprosy
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Celiac Disease?
Atrophy of Intestinal Villi
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Which of the following is a genetic disorder that is sex-linked?
Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy
-
Myxedema is also called ______________.
Hypothyroidism
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Which of the following is associated with burn victims?
Hypovolemic Shock
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Which type of necrosis is most common in the pancreas?
Enzymatic
-
Systemic Thrombosis is most apt to lodge where?
Periphery of the Lungs
-
Which of the following is the 1st to be involved in Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy?
Pelvic Girdle
-
A decrease in Vitamin K is most apt to cause which of the following?
Bleeding & Bruising
-
Fissures in the articular cartilage & a loss of proteoglycans are associated with which of the following conditions?
Osteoarthritis
-
Which of the following are associated with Reiter’s Syndrome?
- Arthritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Urethritis
-
Elephantitis is a result of which of the following?
Lymphatic Obstruction
-
Multiple Myeloma is a neoplasm of the _______________.
Plasma Cells
-
AIDS has an affinity for ______ cells.
CD4
-
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis most commonly affects which of the following?
Metaphysis of Long Bones
-
What is the most common malignancy in men between 40 & 60 years of age?
Lung Cancer
-
What pathology affects the Basal Ganglia?
Parkinson’s Disease
-
An excess of uric acid in the blood stream is associated with which of the following?
Gouty Arthritis
-
Monosodium Urate Crystals in a joint result in ________.
Tophi
-
Which of the following is a neoplasm derived from multiple tissue?
Teratoma
-
Raynaud’s Disease is characterized by _____________.
Digital Vasospasm
-
What is the most common location for Osteosarcoma?
Metaphysis
-
What is clubbing of the fingers most commonly associated with?
Bronchiogenic Carcinoma
-
An upper & lower motor neuron lesion is a significant finding in which of the following?
Lou Gehrig’s Disease
-
Which type of Hemophilia is associated with factor 8 deficiency?
Hemophilia A
-
What does the migration of Leukocytes toward an injury describe?
Chemotaxis
-
Smoking is a major causative factor in which of the following?
Thromboangitis Obliterans
-
Which of the following has been implicated as a causative agent in cervical cancer?
Herpes Papilioma Virus (HPV)
-
What sign is most common in Kwashiorkor?
Edema
-
The presence of Eosinophils indicates what type of infection?
Fungal
-
The presence of Lymphocytes indicates what type of infection?
Viral
-
The presence of Neutrophils indicates what type of infection?
Bacterial
-
Wool Sorter’s Disease is an infection of the ________________.
Respiratory System
-
Which of the following is directly linked to a decline in cancer of the cervix?
Condom Use
-
Which of the following causes edema?
Protein Deficiency
-
What is the most common symptom of Esophageal Cancer?
Dysphagia
-
Which of the following can be detected on the x-ray of a healing fracture?
Callous Formation
-
Lewy Bodies are inclusion bodies that accompany which of the following?
Parkinson’s Disease
-
What is the most common location for Osteochondroma?
Knee
-
What is the most common benign tumor of the axial skeleton?
Hemangioma
-
What are Gall Stones primarily made of?
Cholesterol
-
What are Kidney Stones primarily made of?
Calcium
-
What is the most common malignant tumor of bone in children?
Osteogenic Sarcoma
-
What type of bone marrow is found in cancellous bone?
Yellow
-
Pulmonary hypertension causes which of the following?
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
-
What is the most common area of the heart damaged by myocardial infarction?
Left Ventricle
-
Which of the following constitutes the greatest threat to a person with thrombophlebitis?
Embolism in the Lungs
-
Which of the following is a malignant tumor that rarely metastasizes?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Which of the following is a congenital malformation with incomplete fusion?
Spina Bifida
-
Keloids are most common among which of the following?
African Americans
-
Which joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis?
Knee
-
Dysplasia in a PAP smear is characteristic of which of the following?
Carcinoma In Situ
-
Local deposition of calcium in necrotic tissue is termed ____________.
Dystrophic Calcification
-
Which of the following is associated with Brown Atrophy?
Lipofuscion
-
A 25 year old presents with soft tender red spots on the vulva & a frothy foul smelling discharge. What organism is to blame?
Trichimonis
-
What causes a Bulls Eye Rash?
Lyme’s Disease
-
Which of the following is the most common location for an aneurysm?
Abdominal Aorta
-
Which of the following is a non-progressive muscular dysfunction due to a defect or injury to the brain or brainstem?
Cerebral Palsy
-
Which of the following cells is least likely to regenerate?
Neuron
-
Which of the following is characterized by proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia?
Nephrotic Syndrome
-
High levels of urinary hydroxyproline are associated with which of the following?
Paget’s Disease
-
Which lobe of the prostate is most commonly affected by cancer?
Posterior
-
The 1st process observed following fracture is the generation of a __________.
Hematoma
-
Gumma is associated with which of the following?
Syphilis
-
Which of the following organisms is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Staph aureus
-
Which of the following is associated with infectious mono?
Epstein Barr
-
A 40-year-old male presents with weight loss, increased appetite & tremors. What is the diagnosis?
Reiter’s Syndrome
-
Osgood Schlatter’s is associated with which of the following?
Avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity
-
Proliferative cells forming new cells from original cells are called ___________.
Hyperplasia
-
Which of the following forms a chocolate like cyst on an Ovary?
Endometrioma
-
What are Tophi composed of?
Urate Crystals
-
Which disease most common in kids is characterized by excess glycogen stored in the liver & kidneys?
Von Gierke’s
-
Osgood Schlatter’s Disease principally affects which of the following?
Tibial Tuberosity
-
Which of the following is also known as Buerger’s Disease?
Thromboangitis Obliterans
-
Intusseption is seen in which of the following diseases?
Hirshprung’s Disease
-
What are common sources of Gluten?
Barley, Oats & Wheat
-
The passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue is known as ____________.
Diapedesis
-
Which of the following presents with multiple neurofibromas & café au lait spots?
Von Recklinhausen’s
-
Which of the following is a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Still’s
-
Which of the following causes progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex?
Alzheimer’s
-
Which of the following causes thickening & deformity of bone?
Paget’s
-
Which of the following is associated with protein malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor
-
Which of the following is associated with Osteitis Deformans?
Paget’s
-
Which of the following is associated with aluminum deposits in the brain?
Alzheimer’s
-
Which of the following is associated with calorie malnutrition?
Marasmus
-
Which of the following is associated with paralysis agitans?
Parkinson’s
-
Which of the following is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
-
Which of the following causes demyelinization of the spinal cord?
Multiple Sclerosis
-
Which of the following is associated with passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue?
Diapedesis
-
Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the stomach?
Pylorus
-
Which of the following is characterized by increased clastic & blastic activity?
Paget’s
-
Which of the following is associated with improper copper metabolism?
Wilson’s Disease
-
Which of the following is associated with lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract?
Friedreich’s ataxia
-
Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestine?
Adenocarcinoma
-
Which of the following is associated with the absence of an organ?
Agenesis
-
Which of the following is associated with 45X Karyotype?
Turner’s Syndrome
-
Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the pancreas?
Head
-
Which of the following is characterized by a “broom stick” appearance on plain film x-ray?
Rickets
-
Which of the following is associated with TB of the spine?
Pott’s Disease
-
Which of the following is associated with increase NaCl in sweat?
Cystic Fibrosis
-
Which of the following is associated with sensitivity to gluten?
Celiac Disease
-
Which of the following is associated with a decrease in size?
Atrophy
-
Which of the following is a degenerative change that occurs in everyone?
Osteoarthritis
-
Which of the following results from an inability to digest purines?
Gouty Arthritis
-
Which of the following is associated with bacteria in the blood?
Bacteremia
-
Which of the following is caused by exposure to iron dust?
Siderosis
-
Which of the following is associated with difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
-
Which of the following passes through the placenta & is a major antibody against viruses, bacteria, & toxins?
IgG
-
Which of the following it associated with Mesothelioma?
Asbestos Exposure
-
Which of the following has an unknown function?
IgD
-
Which of the following is associated with twisting of an organ?
Volvulus
-
Which of the following is associated with an increase in size?
Hypertrophy
-
Which of the following is related to a deficiency of oxygen?
Hypoxia
-
Which of the following is the most common bone cancer in children?
Osteosarcoma
-
Which of the following is a tumor of all three germinal layers?
Teratoma
-
Which of the following describes an increase in the number of cells?
Hyperplasia
-
Which of the following is associated with a lack or loss of RBC’s?
Anemia
-
Which of the following describes a cell changing from one cell type to another?
Metaplasia
-
Which of the following is associated with “Black Lung Disease”?
Anthracosis
-
Which of the following describes the intestine telescoping onto itself?
Intussusceptions
-
Which lung disease is associated with aircraft manufacturing?
Berylliosis
-
Which of the following is associated with a congenital megacolon?
Hirshprung’s Disease
-
Which of the following is associated with an increase in RBC’s?
Polycythemia
-
Which of the following causes thickening, calcification & loss of elasticity of the arterial walls?
Arteriosclerosis
-
Which of the following causes a foul smelling vaginal discharge?
Gardenella Vaginalis
-
Which of the following is an out pouching in the intestine?
Diverticula
-
Which of the following produces “skip lesions”?
Crohn’s
-
Which of the following is a localized dilation of an artery?
Aneurysm
-
Which of the following is associated with deposition of fatty plaques within the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
-
Which of the following is the most common Pelvic Inflammatory disease?
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
Which type of leukemia is most commonly seen in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
-
Which type of leukemia is associated with the “Philadelphia Chromosome”?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)
-
Which of the following types of leukemia is seen mostly in people over the age of 60?
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Which of the following is associated with Reed Sternberg cells?
- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
-
Which of the following is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylactic
-
Which of the following is considered a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Cytotoxic
-
Which of the following is considered a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Immune Complex
-
Which of the following is considered a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Delayed
-
Which of the following is involved in the early part of every immune response?
IgM
-
Which of the following produces decreased joint space, Subchondral sclerosis & osteophytes?
Osteoarthritis
-
Which of the following produces excess uric acid in the blood L& leads to tophi formation?
Gouty Arthritis
-
Which of the following is associated with Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
-
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the epiphysis of a bone?
- Chonroblasoma
- Giant Cell Tumor
-
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?
- Chondromyxoid Fibroma
- Non-ossifying Fibroma
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Osteoblastoma
- Osteochondroma
-
Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?
Osteosarcoma
-
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?
- Enchondroma
- Fibrous Dysplasia
-
Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?
- Chondrosarcoma
- Ewing’s Sarcoma
-
Which of the following results in alcoholic psychosis due to a depletion of thiamine as a result of severe alcoholism?
Korsakoff
-
Which of the following is a fatty tumor?
Lipoma
-
Which of the following is a yellow tumor of connective tissue?
Xanthoma
-
Which of the following is a tumor of the cartilage?
Chondroma
-
Which of the following is the most common cancer of the testes?
Seminoma
-
Which of the following is the most common cancer of the spine?
Metastasis
-
Which of the following is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy?
Guillian-Barre’ Syndrome
-
Which of the following is the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS?
Barre-Barre’ Syndrome
-
Which of the following is a muscular disease caused by an autoimmune mediated loss of ACH receptors & characterized by weakness & fatigue of skeletal muscles?
Myasthenia Gravis
-
Which of the following bone fractures is caused by repetitive physical activity?
Stress Fracture
-
Which of the following is a benign bone tumor?
Osteoid Osteoma
-
Which of the following is the most common malignant primary tumor of bone?
Osteosarcoma
-
Which of the following tumors is characterized by production of neoplastic cartilage?
Chondrosarcoma
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