A&P Practice Test 2

The remodeling of bone is a function of which cells?

Chondrocytes & osteocytes
Osteoblasts & osteocytes
Osteoblasts & osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts & osteoclasts
Chondroblasts & osteoblasts

Which of the following bone cell types produces all but 1 of these cell types?

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
None of these

Where within the epiphyseal plate would you expect the dividing cartilage cells to be located?

Farthest from the shaft
In the primary ossification center
Nearest the shaft
In the marrow cavity
In the secondary ossification center

What classification of bone based on shape is the radius?

Short
Long
Irregular
Flat
Sesamoid
Wormian

The cell responsible for maintaining the matrix of the bone is the…

Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Chondrocyte
Osteoprogenitor cell

What classification of bone based on shape are the carpals?

Short
Long
Irregular
Flat
Sesamoid
Wormian

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of the bone is the…

Osteocyte
Osteoclast
Chondrocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoprogenitor cell

Ossification of the ends of long bones…

Is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation
Involves medullary cavity formation
Is produced by secondary ossification centers
Takes twice as long as in the diaphysis

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Osseous matrix
Spongy bone
Lamellar bone
The osteon
None of these

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called the periosteum.  The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of…

Cartilage and compact bone
Marrow and osteons
Osteoblast and osteoclasts
Chondrocytes and osteocytes

Which of the following bone classifications based on shape does NOT contain any named bones?

Sutural
Sesamoid
Irregular
Short
Flat
Long

Which term describes the expanded ends of a long bone?

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Medullary cavity
Periosteum

What is the maximum number of osteocytes that can be found in a single lacuna?

1
2
3
4
5

What is osteoid?

Hyaline cartilage
The organic components of bone matrix
The embryonic bone model
A cell type that builds bone matrix
A cell type that resorbs bone matrix

Which of the following bone cell types is the most common in bone?

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
None of these

The clavicle is a part of which of the following major divisions of the skeleton?

Appendicular
Axial

What do we call the lining of the marrow cavity?

Endosteum
Canaliculi
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Lamellae

Which type of lamellae is found around the entire diaphysis of a long bone?

Concentric
Interstitial
Circumfrential
None of these

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? (Only circle 1)

Zygomatic
Inferior Nasal conchae
Vomer
Maxillae
None of these have paranasal sinuses

Thoracic vertebrae differ from all other vertebrae in that they have…

No transverse processes
Facets for attachment of ribs
Transverse foramina
No interververtebral discs

Immoveable joints are …

Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Amphiarthroses 
None of these

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to…

Attach tendons
Produce red blood cells
Provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
Form the synovial membrane

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?

Calcaneus
Head
Medial maleolus
Lateral malleolus

Which general bone marking term describes a large rounded projection that may be roughened?

Tuberosity
Trochanter
Foramen
Fissure
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process
Fossa
Meatus
Sinus

The sternum is a part of which of the following major divisions of the skeleton?

Appendicular
Axial

On the basis of structural classification, which joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue?

Symphysis
Synchondrosis
Pivot
Syndesmosis

Which general bone marking term describes a narrow slit-like opening through a bone?

Tuberosity
Spine
Process
Foramen
Trochanter
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Fissure
Fossa
Meatus
Sinus

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called…

Menisci
Bursae
Ligaments
Tendons

Which general bone marking term describes a very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process?

Fissure
Fossa
Meatus
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process
Foramen

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

Amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength & flexibility
Interphalangeal joints
Joints that permit angular movements
Cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

The shaft of a long bone is properly called the…

Epiphysis
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Compact bone

An osteon has…

A central canal carrying blood vessels
Concentric lamellae
Osteocytes in lacunae
Canaliculi that connect lacunae to the central canal
All of these

The organic portion of matrix is important in providing all of the following EXCEPT…

Tensile strength
Hardness
Ability to resist stretch
Flexibility
None of the above make this statement true

Ribs 2-9 articulate with ____ vertebra(e) at ___ points.

1, 1
1, 2
2, 1
2, 2

If a skeleton has a pubic angle of 90° it is…

Male
Female
Unknown gender

What is the name of the large foramen in the coxal bone which represents the largest foramen in your body?

Foramen magnum
Formane ovale
Obturator foramen
Coxal foramen
Ischial foramen

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?

Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicula
Intermediate cuneiform

Which portion of your longitudinal arch is more elastic to cushion shock and so lies flat to the ground?

Medial
Lateral
Transverse
None of these

Your teeth fitting into your maxilla is an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
Diarthrotic
None of the above

The teeth fitting into the mandible is an example of which type of joint?

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
None of these

Which of the following parts of an osteon is a canal that runs perpendicular to the central canal?

Haversian canal
Volkmann’s canal
Ostogenic canal
Canaliculi

The C1 vertebra is also known as the…

Atlas
Axis
Vertebra prominens
None of these

Fibrous joints are classified as…

Pivoit, hinge, and ball and socket
Symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
Hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

Which general bone marking term describes rounded articular projection?

Tuberosity
Fissure
Fossa
Meatus
Facet 
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process
Condyle 
Sinus

Freely moveable joints are …

Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Amphiarthroses
None of these

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a…

Suture
Syndesmosis
Symphysis
Gomphosis

The head of the rib articulates with which part of the vertebra?

Body
Spinous process
Transverse process
Tubercle of vertebra
None of the above

The C2 vertebra is also known as the…

Atlas
Axis
Vertebra prominens
None of these

How many phalanges does your ring finger have?

1
2
3
4
None of the above

You are currently sitting on which bone of the hip?

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Femur

The acetabulum contains portions of which of the following hip bones?

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
All of the above
None of the above

True or False.
Bone matrix is constantly being remodeled.
True False

What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?

Abduction
Adduction
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
None of these

Rib pairs 8-10 are known by which of the following names?

Vertebrochondral
Vertebrosternal
Vertebral
None of the above

T11 & T12…

Have costal facets on their transverse processes
Do not have costal facets on their transverse processes
Do not have any costal facets
Do not exist

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the…

Hands
Feet
Arms
Hands and feet both

Which general bone marking term describes a canal-like passageway?

Tuberosity
Trochanter
Foramen
Fissure
Fossa


ab. Tubercle
ac. Epicondyle
ad. Spine
ae. Process
bc. Meatus
bd. Sinus

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ______ synovial joint.

Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial

Pointing the toes is an example of…

Circumduction
Plantar flexion
Pronation
Protraction

How many bones are found in the skull?

126
80
22
206
14

Which of the following facial bones of the skull contain paranasal sinuses?

Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal
Palatine
Maxilla
All of the above

The auditory ossicles are located in which skull bone?

Occipital
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Sphenoid

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of…

Yellow marrow and spicules
Cartilage and interstitial lamellae
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Blood vessels and nerve fibers

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 & 12 different from the other vertebrae?

The orientation of the articular processes is different from all other thoracic vertebrae
The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs
There are 2 foramina on vertebrae 11 & 12
The spinous processes are directed parallel with the body

Which bone contains a diaphysis and an epiphysis, a tuberosity near its middle, and contains proportionally more compact than spongy bone?

Parietal bone
Talus
Humerus
Cervical vertebra

What classification of bone based on shape is the L3 vertebra?

Short
Flat
Sesamoid
Long
Irregular
Wormian

What are the small spaces in bone tissue in which osteocytes live called?

Lacunae
Volkmann’s canals
Haversian canals
Trabeculae
Canaliculi

The process of bones increasing in width is known as…

Closing of the epiphyseal plate
Long bones reaching adult length and width
Appositional growth
Concentric growth

Cranial flat bones develop…

From cartilage models
Within fibrous membranes
From a tendon
Within osseous membranes

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows…

By pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis
By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
From the edges inward
In a circular fashion

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called…

Osteons
Lamellar bone
Trabeculae
Osseous lamellae
Canaliculi

Osteogenesis is the process of…

Making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
Bone destruction to liberate calcium
Bone formation
Making collagen fibers for calcified matrix

Blood cell formation is called…

Hematopoiesis
Resporption
Remodeling
Endochondrosis

Which portion of your sternum articulates with rib pairs 2-7?

Xyphoid process
Body
Manubrium

How many vertebrae fuse to make the average coccyx?

2-4
3-5
4-6
5-7

Which of the following spinal curves are formed before birth (are primary curves)? (only circle 1)

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
A & C
B & D
None of the above are correct

Rib pairs 1-7 are known by which of the following names?

Vertebrochondral
Vertebrosternal
Vertebral
None of the above

Which of the following vertebral classifications has a bifid spinous process (notched)? (only circle 1)

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
A & C
B & D
None of the above is correct

Which vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens?

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7

Which portion of your sternum is most superior?

Xyphoid process
Body
Manubrium

How many rib pairs does the average human male have?

10
11
12
13

Ribs 1 & 10 articulate with ____ vertebra(e) at ___ points.

1, 1
1, 2
2, 1
2, 2
None of these

True or False.
All diarthrotic joints are cartilaginous joints.
True False

A bone with approximately the same width, length, and height is most likely…

A short bone
A sesamoid bone
A sutural bone
A flat bone
An irregular bone

Which type of lamellae surrounds individual osteons?

Concentric
Interstitial
Circumfrential
None of these

Which type of amphiarthrosis would you classify the distal articulation of the tibia and fibula as since they are connected by ligaments?

Syndesmosis
Symphysis
Gomphosis
Synchondrosis
Syntosis

Which of the following is one of the ways in which articular cartilages differ from all other hyaline cartilages?

They have visible collagen fibers
They have less water in the matrix
They lack a perichondrium
They do not have a matrix
They have different cells

What do you call a pad of fibrocartilage found between articulating surfaces?

Meniscus
Articular cartilage
Capsular pads
Bursa 
Fibropad

Connects the occipital and parietal bones.

Lambdoid suture
Sagittal suture
Squamosal suture
Coronal suture
Occipitomastoid suture

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, and pelvis
Arms, legs, hands and feet
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Shoulder and pelvic girdles

Which of the following bone cell types is a large cell with many nuclei?

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
None of these

Which type of lamellae fills in the gaps between adjacent osteons?

Concentric
Interstitial
Circumfrential
None of these

The C5 vertebra is also known as the…

Atlas
Axis
Vertebra prominens
None of these

The cell responsible for resorbing the matrix of the bone and releasing minerals is the…

Osteoclast
Chondrocyte
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoprogenitor cell

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Elastic connective tissue
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage

The C7 vertebra is also known as the…

Atlas
Axis
Vertebra prominens
None of these

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to…

Hold the discs in place
Prevent hyperextension of the spine
Hold the spine erect
Protect the spinal cord

What is the major function of the intervertebral discs?

Absorb shock
String the vertebrae together
Prevent injuries
Prevent hyperextension

Bone tissue heals faster than cartilage because…

Cartilage is more vascular than bone
Bone is more vascular than cartilage
Chondrocytes work faster than osteocytes
Osteocytes work faster than chondrocytes
Bone is heavier than cartilage

What term describes the complete dislocation of a diarthrotic joint?

Subluxation
Sprain
Luxation
Fracture

The bones named in question 120 are formed in the tendon of which muscle?

What muscles make up your rotator cuff and stabilize the glenohumoral joint?