Bio Exam II. 2 Fungi

heterotrophic

photosynthetic (same for water molds)

saprophytes (feed on dead organisms)

parasitic

they are both saprophytes and parasites; none are photosynthetic

• a) unicellular (small minority)
• b) filamentous (vast majority)
• ----single filament= hypha (pl. hyphae)
• ----mass filaments= mycelium

• fungi: in alot of them, you can see individual cells
• in the water mold: they appear coenocytic

• enzymes
• break down the larger molecules in the substrate--> absorb molecules

- because the fungus (whether uni or fil) has a cell wall, large molecules will be unable to go through the hyphae; fungi can't do phagocytosis; absorption is the only possible way

• absorption
• depends on the fungus

• specialized hyphae (not all have specialized hyphae)
• - rhizoids: found in a few saprophytes
• - haustoria: found in parasites

macro or microscopic

• macroscopic
• hyphae

a) decomposers in ecosystem (all fungi [saprophytes])


b) decompose our food, materials (anything organic)

c) cause many plant diseases, many economically important= major area of research

d) Cause a small number of animal diseases

e) Used industrially in the manufacture of many organic compounds

f) used in the food industry to make products or are eaten directly

g) used in research, e.g. biochemical genetics, resistant varieties of crop plants

• chytridiomycota
• zygomycota
• ascomycota
• basidiomycota
• glomeromycota

deuteromycota

• decomposers
• decomposition of cellulose

• bacteria: pro
• fungi: euk

• not officially related
• they are put there because they are similar

no plasmodial stage/ can't phagocytize

• in the vegetive state:
• - of plasmodium: no cell walls
• - cellular slime molds: amoeba-like cells
• - of fungi: do have cell walls

• Fungi: have a cell wall made of chitin
• Water molds: have a cell wall made of cellulose