C1

• 1. The CO2 gets dissolved in sea water and creatures use it to create their shells of calcium carbonate. Once the animals die, their shells are compressed to form limestone.
• 2. Carbon dioxide is taken in by organisms that have grown because of the water.

Mostly carbon dioxide and a little nitrogen but no oxygen.

Mars and Venus because they both have rocky interiors and volcanoes.

Calcium Carbonate

• Nitrogen - 78%
• Oxygen - 21%
• Argon - 0.9%
• Carbon Dioxide - 0.04%
• Other gases - traces

• Can have large or small crystals.
• Randomly arranged crystals.

• Hard rocks with tightly interlocking crystals.
• Can see layers.

• Some rocks can see bits of sediment and fossils.
• Grains are small and rounded.
• Soft rock.

• Granite
• Basalt

• Marble - was chalk or limestone.
• Slate - was mudstone.
• Gneiss - was granite.

• Limestone
• Chalk
• Sandstone
• Mudstone

• Cooled magma.
• Small crystals = cooled quickly.
• large crystals = cooled slowly.

Heat/pressure changes crystal formation and produces a different rock.

sediments e.g. sea creatures are crushed and compressed together until they form rock.

Sedimentary because metamorphic and igneous rocks have interlocking crystals and are harder.

Physical and chemical

Volcanoes gave out carbon dioxide and water vapour. Once the atmosphere cooled down, the water vapour condensed to form our oceans.

• a building material
• cement - heated with clay in a kiln.
• concrete and mortar - mixed with sand, water and crushed rock.
• glass - heated with sand and sodium carbonate.
• used in toothpaste
• makes paper smooth

Acid rain reacts with limestone and dissolves it away.

• Calcium carbonate ---> Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
• 

• The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate makes calcium oxide, which reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to produce limewater.
• Calcium oxide + water ---> calcium hydroxide
• 

bubbling a gas through limewater - if it turns milky, it is carbon dioxide.