Genetics Flashcards

is the scientific study of heredity.

is the passing of offspring from parents

Phenotype is the characteristics and genotype are the genetic makeup

• EX: g: Tt, Tt
• Genotype ex: tall or short

is when both alleles completely show through in the phenotype

is when one allele is not completely dominant over another 

Ex: A cross between red (RR) and white (NN) four o'clock plants product pink-colored flowers (RN)

is when genes are located on a sex chromosomes (X, Y)

means that their genes have more than two alleles

is when homozygous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes

states that genes are different traits that can segregate independently during the formation of gamates

genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins and give an organism certain traits.

An allele is two or more forms of genes

is a homozygous organisms that always pass down a particular trait.

is traits controlled by two or more genes.

ex: Skin color, height, and eye color

• Pedigree is an important tool for studying inherited diseases .
• - they are used to figure out the genetic basis of a disease or trait from its inheritance pattern 
• -predict the risk of disease in future offspring in a family (genetic counseling)

was the father of genetics

fertilization

zygote

he wanted to produce seeds by joining male and female reproductive cells from two different plants

cross-pollination

a specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another

the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

during gamete formation

the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

one of the parents must have the disorder and does not skip a generation

neither parents has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous carriers. Usually skips a generation

• -trait is rare in pedigree
• -trait often skips generation and are hidden in heterozygous carriers 
• -trait affects males and females equally

• -Trait is common in the pedigree 
• - Trait is found in every generation 
• - Affected individuals transmit the trait to approximately 1/2 of their children

• -trait is common in pedigree
• - affected fathers pass to all of their daughters 
• - an affected male will always have an affected mother

• - trait is rare in pedigree
• -trait skips generations
• - affected father DO NOT pass to their sons 
• - Males are more often affected than females
• - An affected female will always have an affected father

• no they are extremely unusual.
• Often, they are lethal (before birth) in males and only seen in females

the heterozygous phenotype is a blend between the two homozygous phenotypes

in the human ABO blood type

is also an X-linked recessive disorder. It is characterized by delayed clotting of the blood