-
dysmetria
overshooting target
-
incoordination
- muscles fail to fire in sequence
- CNS unable to direct movement
-
_____ is the center for balance and coordinated activity
cerebellum
-
feedforward definition
predictive compensatory modifications in anticipation of movement
-
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
-
gait spinal ataxia
- wide BOS
- flailing of feet
- foot slap
- watching of feet
-
gait cerebellar ataxia
- wide bos
- unsteady
- irregular
- staggering
- unable to tandem
-
ways to test incoordination
- finger to nose
- finger-nose-finger
- number/alphabet drawing
- heel to shin/ankle
- rapid alternating movement
-
3 major functions of vestibular apparatus
- sensation of motion and spatial organization
- input for muscles and body to form proper postures
- stabilize eyes in space during head movements
-
responsibilities of VOR
- (vestibulo-occular reflex)
- maintaining stability of an image on retina's fovea during rapid eye movement
-
balance definition
state of physical equilibrium achieved when vestibular, visual, and somatosensory info is integrated in the CNS
-
suspensory strategy
lowering cog twd bos
-
proprioception primarily involved in quiet standing or uneven terrain?
quiet standing
-
visual and vestibular more active on even or uneven terrain?
uneven
-
disabilities with rolling
apprehension and vertigo and nausea
-
disabilities with supine/sit
-
disabilities with sitting
- increased UE support
- nystagmus
-
disabilities with sit/stand
- forward momentum activates vestibular
- early lift uses adequate strg
- all balance components and systems are used
- slow deliberate movement
- excessive use of UE and wide bos
-
disabilities with stable standing
- head movements may elicit nystagmus, vertigo, and nausea
- wide bos
- sway
- suspensory strategy
-
disabilities with amb
- shuffling gait
- decreased arm swing
- increased arm abd
-
descending or ascending is more difficult
descending
-
ways to determine veistbular affected
- smooth pursuits
- saccadic
- VOR
- head thrusts/shaking
- hallpike maneuver
-
ways to determine vision
- peripheral vision
- double vision
-
ways to determine somatosensory
- proprioception
- kinesthesia
- romberg
-
romberg test
- tests for somato
- pt stands eyes open than eyes closed
- if considerate LOB with eyes closed than positive test
-
berg test
- objective measure of static and dynamic balance
- has 14 functional tasks
-
tinetti (POMA) test
- brief
- reliable measure of static and dynamic balance
- has gait component and balance component
-
TUG test
- meaures mobility and balance
- pt rises from chair walks a distance and back to sit
-
DGI test
- predicts likelihood of falls of geriatrics and ppl with vestibular dysfunction
- includes walking with challenges such as steps, obstacles, head turns etc
-
modified CTSIB
- assessment of one or more of the sensory systems
- EO (eyes open) or EC (eyes closed) with or without firm surface
-
saccadic
rapid eye movement between points of fixation
-
vestibular treatment
- habituation exercise
- visual tracking exercise
-
somatosensory treatment
- static vs dynamic
- vary surfaces and visual
- back supported or unsupported
- weighting
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