Ch8B.txt

Describe how movements occur at joints.

What is the moveable end of a muscle?

What is the fixed end of a muscle?

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together. (ex: bending the knee)

Moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart. (ex: straightening the knee)

The extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position. (ex: bending the head back beyond the upright position); also used to describe injury.

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin. (ex: rocking back on one's heels)

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin. (ex: standing on one's toes)

Moving a part away from the midline. (ex: lifting the upper limb up horizontally); or from the axial line of the limb. (ex: spreading the fingers or toes)

Moving a part toward the midline. (ex: returning the upper limb down from the horizontal position); or toward the axial line of the limb. (ex: moving the fingers or toes closer together)

Moving a part around an axis. (ex: twisting the head from side to side); medial _____ is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis so its anterior surface moves toward the midline; lateral _____ is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis in the opposite direction.

Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path. (ex: moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand)

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly. (ex: in anatomical position)

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly. (ex: hands positioned so thumbs are toward body)

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally.

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially.

Moving part forward. (ex: thrusting the head forward)

Moving a part backward. (ex: pulling the head backward)

Raising a part. (ex: shrugging the shoulders)

Lowering a part. (ex: drooping the shoulders)