Simple Apprehension

Being referential to another. Knowledge is of Something.

an actual being in the world, e.g., a dog.

a mental being, e.g.,the idea of a dog.

represents another

the thing represented

has it own existence other than being a sign

is only a sign and nothing else. Only Ideas.

not man-made

man-made.

an intellectual abstraction of the essence of a thing.

the definition of the concept, e.g., "rational animal."

the things to which the concept applies, e.g., "all humans."

“apple”

“green apple”

“human”

“humanity”

“All the feathers weigh 50 pounds.”

“Each of the feathers can be used to tickle someone.”

the aspect or part which is being considered, e.g., “the color of the door.”

a verbal or written expression of a concept. Conventional, i.e., agreed upon, as opposed to concepts, which are natural.

the term being spoken about. 

what is being said about the subject.

the verb “is,” which joins the Subject and the Predicate.

used in exactly the same sense: “The Poodle barks and the Doberman barks.”

used in totally different senses: “The Doberman barks at the bark of the tree.”

used in similar, but not identical, senses: “You seem healthy. Are eggs healthy for you?”