-
porifera
- basal group/ lack true tissues
- have epidermal cells, pore cells, mesohply (middle matter)
- current of H2O through pore cells into the spongeocoel and out the osculum
- their cells are totipotent
- sequential hermaphrodites
-
Cnidarians
- hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals
- sessile or motile
- diploblastic
- have 2 openings, mouth and anus
- predators; they use their tentacles to catch food
- on their tentacles they have cnidocytes which contain cnidia
- nematocyts are specialized cnidia that sting prey
-
lophotrochozoan
- platythelminthes
- rotifera
- ectoprocta
- brachiopoda
- annelida
- mollusca
-
playthelminthes
- acoelomates
- dorsal-ventrally flattened
- parasitic and some free living
-
rotifera
- pseduocoelomates
- very small
- complete digestive tract (mouth and anus)
- have crown of cilia on head to help draw water into mouth
- have trophi or jaws hat grind up food
-
ectoprocta
- u-shaped alimentary canal
- sessile and true coelmate
- look like plants
-
brachiopoda
- coelomates
- marine and sessile
- look like clams but are dorsal-ventrally shaped
-
mollusca
- soft-bodied, but have hard shell of calcium carbonate
- some have internal shells like squids and octopi
- have muscular foot, mantle and visceral mass
- 3 major clades: gastropods(snails) bivalves(clams) and cephalopods(octopi)
-
muscular foot
for movement in mollusca, can be modified into tentacles
-
mantle
fold of tissue over viscera mass; secretes shell
-
annelida
- segmented body wall and organs
- earthworms
- no GI tract
-
Ecdyzoans
- most species diverse group
- nematode
- arthropoda
- usuallly have external coat
-
nematode
- roundworms
- have external coat, cuticle
- cylindrical bodies tapered at the ends
- alimentary canal
- no circulatory system
- pseduoceolomates
- longitudinal muscles only
- parasitic and freeliving
-
arthropoda
- coelomates, but with reduced coelom
- developed sensory organs (eyes, smell)
- segmented bodies, jointed appendages, exoskeleton of protein and chitin
-
-
echinodermata
- spiny skin
- ceolomates
- bilateral symmetry body plan while adults are radial
- endoskeleton of hard calcareous plates
- unique water vascular system
-
chordata
- bilateral symmetry
- coelomate
- notochord
- dorsal hallow nerve chord
- pharngeal gill slits/clefts
- muscualr post-anal tail
-
notochord
- present in all chordate embryos, some adults
- provide skeletal support
- percursor to backbone
-
dorsal hallow nerve chord (chordates)
- from ectoderm, rols into tube dorsal or notochord
- develops into brain and spinal chord
- unique to chordates
-
Pharyngeal gill sits/clefts (chordata)
- region of digestive tube immediately posterior to mouth
- looks like arches in all chordate embryos
- filter out the water so it doesnt pass through he gut
-
class chrondicthyes
- cartilage fish, shark rays
- some filter feeders most predators
- fertilization is internal with male and claspers
- some oviparous and others oviviparous
-
gnathostoma
- jaw mouth fishes
- enlarged forebrain (vision, smell)
- 4 sets of HOX genes
-
osteichthyes
- fish
- have bony scales
- many are oviparous
- actinopterygii and sarcopterygii are the 2 lineages
-
actinopterygii (lineage of fish)
- bony rays that support fins
- ray fin fishes
-
sarcopterygii (lineage of fish)
- lobe fin fishes
- rod bones that were though to have helped them walk across surfaces
- lungfishes, (have gills and lungs)
-
tetrapods
- are gnasthostomes
- have neck
- pelvic girdle fused to backbone
- modification of lungfishes lead todigits that helped them walk on land
- most are amphibians
- 3 clades: anura, apoda, urodela
-
urodela (amphibians)
salamanders
-
-
apoda (amphibians)
cecelians
-
amniotes
- tetrapods that developed amniotic egg
- have specialized membranes
- eggs have shells to reduce dehydration; help them move away from water
- rib cage or ventilating lungs
- 2 lineages: reptiles, and synapsids
-
amnion
layer that form fluid filled sac around embryo
-
reptiles
- scales to protect from dessication
- lay eggs on land
- internal fetilization
- ectothermic
- lizards, birds, snakes
-
synapsids
lineage that lead to mammals
-
mammals
- have mammary glands that produce milk
- give birth to live young
- have hair of keratin, with fat layer under skin to retain heat
- endothermic
- large brains, and diaphragms
- different size teeth
- 3 major lineages: monotremes, marsupials, eutherians
-
monotremes (mammals)
- lack nipples but secrete milk via glands on belly
- platypus and echidna
- egg laying mammals
- in Australia and new guinea
-
marsupials (mammals)
- have pouch (have placenta)
- embryo develops in uterus but finished development in pouch
- birth to live young
- have nipples
- australia, N and S america
- opossum, kangaroo, koala
-
eutherians (mammals)
- placental animals (more complex than marsupials)
- complete development in unterus
- longer pregnancy than marsupials
|
|
