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terminology Areata, Totalis, Universalis
- area scalp loss
- total scalp hair loss
- complete hair loss
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percentage alopecia associated with other diseases, atopic diseases, autoimmune disease
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what type disease is alopecia areata
autoimmune disease
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what type of prognosis is areata
favorable; will regrow hair at one time or another
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clinical presentation of areata
- spreading annular area of hair loss
- smooth depressed area of scalp
- generally involves the scalp (but eyebrows, eyelashes, beard may also be involved)
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what is ophaisis
form of areata that is difficult to treat
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how is ophiasis characterized
band of baldness that encircles the inferior margin of the scalp
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what is the tx for mild and severe alopecia areata
- mild:
- CCS injection
- anthralin
- top minoxidil
- extensive
- sys CCS
- top immunotherapy (diphencyprone)
- SSZ, cyclosporine
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what are the two forms of scarring alopecia and how are they treated
- LPP (cyclosporine)
- DLE (Hydroxychloroquine, acitretin)
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what must you avoid when taking acitretin
sun exposure
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list and define types of diffuse alopecia
- telogen effuvium; medical or surgical upset
- anogen effuvium; toxic event
- drug reactions; substance induced
- systemic/non systemic; hypothy, irr iron
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how is telogen effuvium dx
biopsy
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tx for telogen effuvium
none required or topical minoxidil 2 or 5%
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tx for anagen effuvium
identify precipitating factors correct it
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epidemiology of androgenic alopecia
- 50% of men affected by age 50
- 40-50% of women affected by age 60
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topical tx for androgenic alopecia and duration of tx for men
- minoxidil 2% up to 1 year
- minoxidil 5% indefinitely
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systemic therapy and recommended treatment duration for androgenic alopecia for men
oral finasteride for up to 1 year
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topical tx for androgenic alopecia in women
topical 2%
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what is the systemic tx for androgenic alopecia for women
- OC
- spironolactone
- dexamethasone
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likely causes of traumatic alopecia
- trichofillomania (pull out ones hair)
- pruritic dermatoses
- traction alopecia (excessive brushing/combing)
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what is cicatricial alopecia
results from permanent scarring of hair follicles
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tx for cicatricial alopecia
CCCA, DLE, and LPP; topical minoxidil, steroids, oral chloriquine, CsA, mychophenylate
- folliculitis; ABx
- hair transplantation
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