Chapter 30-31 Test

• Elected 1920
• Legacy of scandals

government officials leased land to allow oil drilling on reserve land

• Elected after Harding
• "The business of American is business"

• Raised to over 30%
• Smoot Hawley
• Fordney mccumber

In charge of rooting out communists

Time when communism is bad

• Trial for Italian immigrants what were charged with murdering a paymaster
• Convinced because judge was prejudiced
• They were atheist

• Attorney general who lead a nation wide crusade against communists
• 249 sent back to Russia

• Against immigrants- Eastern Europe
• Against Jews, orthodox Greeks, Catholics
• Against communism
• wanted to restrict immigration

• Working class
• Feared they would ban together and take over the government

• People living after ww1
• Denounced "radical" foreign ideas
• Condemned un American lifestyles
• Did not want relations with foreign nations (government)
• Restricted immigrants

• Increase in powers
• Against pacifists, blacks, immigrants, Jews, Catholics

• Propaganda promoting the KKK
• Documentary

Restricted immigration to 3% of each nationality in 1910

• Limited the number of people to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already in the US
• Excluded Japanese

"We eat everyday, better than on Easter in Poland"

• Smaller groups in a large society maintain their cultural
• China town
• Americans were tolerant of this

18th amendment-outlawed alcohol

• Trying to get rid of alcohol sales *not consumption*
• Popular in south and west
• Not popular in eastern cities
• Immigrants against this
• "Noble experiment"
• Speakeasy- illegal bar
• Rum runners- running alcohol across Canadian border
• Bathtub gin- alcohol made at home

• Al Capone
• Bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, narcotics
• Forced merchants to pay "protection money"

• Trying to reform education
• "Learning by doing"
• Progressive education: education for life
• Improved nutrition and medical practices
• Life expectancy increases Evolution

• 1925 Charged with teaching evolution which was illegal in Tennessee
• Fundamentalists v Darwinists
• Lost-had to pay $100
• Symbolic of the conflict between progressive urban residents and country fundamentalists

• Economic expansion
• Rapid expansion of Capitol
• Mass production
• Assembly line (increased worker activity)
• Age of the automobile

• Lose agricultural markets in post war Europe
• Efficiency increased but couldn't sell (sent prices down)
• Lost farms to the bank

• Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb
• Jack Dempsey-boxing
• Charles Lindbergh- pilot

• Assembly line and mass production
• Makes Detroit the motorcar Capitol
• Frederick w Taylor- father of scientific management (industrial efficiency)

• Over sees banks and creates money policy
• Board of governors consisting of 7 people appointed by the president
• Sets interest rates
• High- less loans
• Low-more loans
• Delano
• Gould
• Sumner

Some people couldn't pay back the money, leading to bank closers

• Cost $260
• Possible for the average American to buy one
• Only in black
• Mass production and assembly line

• •Rubber, Glass, Fabrics- Highway building
• •Petroleum-California, Texas,
• •Oklahoma rigs, gas stations, motels

• •Kitty hawk, NC December 17, 1903
• •12 second, 129 foot flight

airplane tricks

• •First transcontinental flight
• •Plane- spirit of st Louis in 1927
• •Created national pride

• •Flappers
• •Club scene
• •Gangsters
• •Prohibition

Invented radio

• •First movie
• •12 minutes long

First talking movie

• •Offered to send blacks to Africa
• •Founded negro improvement association
• •Believed in black superiority and segregation

• •Jazz , Blues, Ragtime music was popular
• •WC handy: father of the blues

Mostly in the south through share cropping which brought black by making it impossible for blacks to escape debt and farming

Promoted birth control and equal rights

• •Founded by Alice Paul to promote the vote
• •Women protested for the vote on the street in front of the White House, were arrested, jailed, and hunger struck for the vote

Psychologist who said that past experiences especially with family members determined ones future relationships

• •Changes in dress and behavior
• •Shorter skirts and hair, smoking, working outside the home

• Writers begin to write about new themes of disillusionment
• loss of patriotism
• personal struggles to reconcile life before and after the war
• personal failures in war

• •Fitzgerald and the Great Gatsby wrote of the poor morality of the upper class
• •Hemingway wrote of make feelings of inadequacy in novels like the Old Man and Sea

Chicago

Stock market with high buying and selling

• Louis Armstrong and duke Ellington
• Langston Hugh's- greatest poet
• Cullen-first female poet
• Zora neale Hurston- female writer who wrote about experiences of strong women in society

Blacks moving north to exchange Jim Crow and find better employment

• •More people lived in cities than in country
• •Modern America is born at this time

• Goods-
• •Charles Evan Hugh's- Secretary of State
• •Andrew w Mellon- secretary of treasury
• •Herbert Hoover- secretary of commerce
• Bads-
• •Albert b fall- secretary of interior (anti conservationist
• •Harry m daughterty- attire general (crook)

• •Shot down child labor laws
• •Restricted government intervention in economy
• •Adkins v children's hospital: Reserved muller v Oregon which had allowed minimum wage law for women
• •Theory- women now=with the vote; so don't need protective legislation

• •government regulation decrease; encourages consolidation
• •Esch Cummings transportation act: encouraged railroad consolidation and non interference of interstate commission

dispose of 1500 wartime fleet-not much success

• Membership deceased by 30% in 1920s
• railway labor union board-cut wages 12% in 1922
• Daugherty stopped strikers with sweeping injunction

• •established 1921
• •provided hospitals and vocational rehabilitation for disabled
• •adjusted compensation act 1924: promise bonus to veterans in 20 years-cost 3.5 billion

• •July 1921: congress issues joint declaration to end war
• •US not involved in League of Nations
• •Middle East oil issue: British v US claims- agree to share

• •anti war pledge (only defensive war)
• •led by frank b Kellogg (secretary of state to Coolidge)
• •62 nations ratify
• •useless: give US false sense of security

10 year holiday on construction of battle ships

• •5:5:3 ratio but US and Britain will not fortify holdings in Far East
• •future problem: Japanese aggression in WW2

• •open door note in china
• RESULT:
• •no restrictions on small warships-other countries build
• •penny pinching US- left far behind

• •Increased tariff from 27-38.5%
• •through Harding and Coolidge- 32 upward changes and 5 downward
• •destructive chain reaction

• Former deserter- assigned as head of veterans bureau
• loots $200 million through veteran hospital building projects
• sentenced to 2 years

• •Elk Hills, CA and Teapot Dome, WY- land for naval oil preserves
• •Albert B. Falls gets navy to transfer property to interior department
• •leases land to Harry F. Sinclair and Edward Doheny
• •gave Fall a bride of $400,000
• •Fall convicted; Sinclair and Doheny acquitted

• •senate investigation (1924) of illegal sale of pardons and liquor permits
• •forced to resign; released when jury never agreed

• •becomes president when Harding dies
• •thrift, honestly, industry
• •Laissez Faire attitude towards business

• •made money during WW1
• •problems: over production and debt

exempted farmer cooperatives from antitrust laws

• •government tried to buy surpluses and sell abroad
• •Coolidge vetoes bill twice

• •Coolidge- republican- 15, 718
• •John Davis- democrat- 8,386,283 votes-WY senator

• •Coolidge
• •senate refused to adhere to world court (l of n)
• •Coolidge unsuccessfully sought some further naval disarmament

• •Dominican Republic
• •Nicaragua
• •Haiti
• •Mexico

• •US largest creditor nation after WW1 (16 billion + 10 billion more loaned throughout the 1920s)
• •US insisted Allies pay back it's 10 billion loan
• •other countries

• •set up a new payment schedule for the $32 million from the Germans
• •made last payment in 2010
• •came too late the help Germany politically

• Herbert Hoover- republican (21+ million votes)
• Alfred E Smith- democrat

• •self made man, efficient, business man
• •hero of WW1- head of food administration
• •rugged individualism and isolationism
• •progressive learning

• •democrat
• •popular NY Governor-catholic and anti prohibition

• •buying, selling, and storing surplus
• •grain stabilizing corporation and cotton stabilizing corporation (1930)- established by board

• •highest protective tariff 60%
• •supposed to help farmers
• •made depression worse

• •October 29, 1929
• •market had been dramatically fluctuating in October
• •16,410,030 shares sold that day
• •by the end of 1929 stockholders lost $40 billion
• •start of business depression at home and abroad

• •by the end of 1930 4 million workers jobless: triples in 2 years
• •5000 banks collapsed in 3 years

• •over production of farm and factory
• •over expansion of credit
• •technological unemployment
• •economic chaos abroad
• •drought: Mississippi Valley and Dust Bowl

• •to Great Depression
• •private relief organizations and local government relief efforts are overwhelmed

gave aid to railroads, banks, and rural credit corporations

• •The Hoover Dam on Colorado River
• •fought against socialistic projects
• •2.25 billion

• •5 billion
• •gave loans to businesses

outlawed "yellow dog" contracts and forbade federal courts to issue injunctions for strikes, boycotts, and pickets

• •Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets
• •opened the way for FDRs more radical methods

• •WW1 veterans
• •wanted bonus payment promised in 1945 in 1932
• •20,000 came to Washington- lived in Hooverville
• •public health issue

• •sent Douglass MacAurther ordered to evict
• •used teargas and bayonets
• •Hoover took blame

• •japan over ran Manchuria sept 1931
• •violates League of Nations

said US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force

world security fades

took forces from Nicaragua and Haiti