Chapter 11

An organization that exists to accomplish certain goals or objectives called public purposes and that consists of a group of people hired and arranged in a hierarchy because of specific duties they can perform

A goal or objective of a bureaucracy

Individuals working in the executive branch of government who have received their positions on the basis of some type of appointment

Viewed as separate from the presidency, the collection of executive departments, independent establishments, and government corporations

Political institution comprised mainly of executive department heads that collectively serve as a source of advice for the president

A type of bureaucratic unit organizationally located outside of an executive department and generally headed by a single individual

A type of bureaucratic unit organizationally located outside of an executive department, headed by a group of individuals called a commission, and charged with regulating a specific industry or economic practice

A type of bureaucratic unit that offers some service for which the benefiting individual or institution must pay directly

The practice of making appointments to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support in election campaigns

Legislation passed in 1883 that created Civil Service Commission charged with the task of using merit, rather than partisan political connections, as a condition of government employment

Legislation that prohibits civil servants from participating in partisan political activity

Legislation designed to improve the level of performance of civil servants by creating incentives for high-quality work, protecting whistle-blowers, and making it easier to fire inadequate employees

Created by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, a class of civil servants drawn from the highest grades and who might be given bonuses, transferred among agencies, or demoted╤all depending on the quality of their work

Created in 1981 as part of the Executive Office of the President╤focusing on the formulation, coordination, and implementation of domestic and economic policy and providing staff support for the Economic and Domestic Policy Councils

An agency charged with protecting individual employees against violations of the merit principle or actions taken against whistle-blowers

Congressional power, which the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional in 1983, to halt an executive initiative by a vote of one or both houses or by a congressional committee

The combination of interest group representatives, legislators, and government administrators seen as extremely influential in determining the outcome of political decisions

Rules devised by government agencies that shape the actions of individuals and groups in order to achieve purposes mandated by law

Type of regulation in which a government agency issues rules that shape the structure of some industry, such as limiting entrance into the broadcast industry, or banning or encouraging certain business practices

Type of regulation in which government agency issues rules designed to achieve noneconomic policy goals, such as fair treatment in employment, clean air, or save workplaces

A function of regulatory agencies in which they can make rules that, like legislation, apply to whole classes of people

A function of regulatory agencies in which, like a court, they can make decisions in individual cases

An officer with relatively independent status in a regulatory agency who presides over and makes findings in judicial proceedings in which the agency╒s actions in individual cases are at issue

The written text of an act of Congress

Chronological compilation, by year, of slip laws passed in each session of Congress

Compilation of laws currently in effect, classified by subject matter, such as transportation or labor

A daily government publication that contains proposed and final regulations, presidential proclamations, and executive orders

Compilation of U.S. administrative rules currently in effect, classified by agency and subject matter

Process of reducing the number and scope of government regulations