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Otitis media
- middle ear infection
- serous: fluid yet no symptoms of illness
- acute: usually viral with upper respiratory infection
- chronic: 3 months
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Otosclerosis
hardening of the middle ear bones or plaque buildup- typical of the stapes
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myringotomy
placement of tubes
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stapendectomy
removal of stapes bone
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sensorineural
- inner ear
- hair cells in the cochlea of the acoustic nerve may be damaged
- permanent, mild to deafness, usually affects higher frequencies, has severe effect on acquisition of language
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10 causes of sensorineural hearing loss
- drugs
- noise
- infections
- maternal rubella
- heredity
- birth defects
- anorexia
- acoustic neuroma (tumor on acoustic nerves)
- old age (prebycusis
- Meniere's disease (vertigo, tinnitis)
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mixed hearing loss
middle and inner ear involved, aka conductive sensorineural
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Central Auditory Disorders
- affects central auditory system of CNS
- brainstem, fibers to auditory areas of the brain & auditory cortex
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causes of central auditory disorders
tumors, brain damage, degenerative dieases
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person perceives sound but does not understand what they are hearing
central auditory disorder
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hearing threshold level
an intensity level at which a tone is faintly heard at least 50% of the time
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speech audiometry
conducted to find out how well a person understands speech & discriminates between speech sounds
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SRT
The lowest level at which the person cannot understand at least 50% of the words presented
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acoustic immittance
- a specialty test to assist in the Dx of ...?
- conductive pathology
- a measure of compliance of the tympanic membrane
- generates a tympanogram
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Auditory Brain Stem Evoked Response (ABR)
electrical activity in the C VIII, the brain stem, & the cortical areas of the brain
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hearing screening
- delineates the need for audiological evaluation
- 20 or 25 dB at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k
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impact of hearing loss depends on (4)
- age
- degree
- other disabilities
- time & quality of intervention
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hearing aid definition
a device to amplify sounds, modified to an individual's pattern of hearing loss
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3 types of hearing aids
- BTE (behind the ear)
- ITC (in the canal)
- CIC (completely in the canal)
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parts of hearing aid
- battery
- microphone
- amplifier
- receiver
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Cochlear implants
deliver sound directly to the acoustic nerve ending in cochlea
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FM Systems
assists in auditory training by amplifying sound
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Auditory training
learns to listen to amplified sounds, recognize meaning, and distinguising sounds
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speech
(lipreading) understanding speech by looking at the face of the speaker
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Steps of Oral Language Training
- 1: amplification
- 2: auditory training & language stimulation
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