-
why do we do screenings?
- conducted on groups of people who might not know they have a hearing problem
- people who are unable or reluctant to seek professional services
- there is a significant probability of finding those with the disorder
- the disorder is considered to be important enough to identify in the larger pop
-
what makes an effective hearing/screening program
- target subpops using efficient and cost-effective methods
- identify people with potential hearing problems
- have options for follow up measures
-
what should hearing screenings involve
- pas/fail measures
- pass=those who most likely do not have a hearing loss
- fail=those who may possibly have a hearing loss
-
in order for screenings to be effective they must have good...
- reliability-similar results each time
- validity-identifies what is intended
-
universal and targeted screenings
- universal=applied to a relatively large pop
- targeted=more cost effective approach, higher prevalence rate
-
screening for high risk infants
- targeted hearing screening
- -this focuses on a subpop
- advocated since the early 1970s
- uses high-risk register developed by joint commission on Infant Hearing (JCIH)
- May fall short in identifying infants with hearing loss
-
What are some risk factors for congenital deafness
- family history of deafness
- congenital perinatal TORCH infection (has to do with heart and resp and pulmunary etc, high risk kids)
- malformation of pinna, ear canal etc
- birth weight less than 1500 g
- jaundice
- bacterial meningitis
-
universal hearing screenings
what is done in these screenings
- used for all infants due to development of more cost effective and valid screening measures
- -abr
- -oae
- involve the collaboration of many professionals
- -physicians
- -nurses
- -audiologists
- -trained screeners
-
why are all newborns screened
so we can identify, diagnose and treat
-
comprehensive hearing screening program
- initial screening-at birth
- follow up screening-at birth or within 1 month
- diagnostic testing for those that fail-by 3 months
- initiation of treatment for those confirmed to have a hearing loss-by 6 months of age
- those who pass initial screening should have follow up between 24 and 30 months
-
hearing screening for school age children
- has been around for 50 years
- one of the earliest health screenings in the us
- must have cooperation of all school presonnel
- if fail initial screening need to be rescreened
- if fail 2nd screening need ot be referred for a complete audiological evaluation
- 1, 2, 4 and if quiet 5
- start at 20 db with general pop but not with sped students
-
screenings are recommended for all
- preschoolers
- kinders through 3rd
- 7th and 11th graders
- if there is a concern about hearing, speech and language or learning
-
hearing screening for adults
- screened through otoscopy, audiometry, and tympanometry
- often screened through questionnaires
- -self assessment
- -communication abilities
- -hearing abilities
- conduct at senior centers or health fairs
- usually at 1, 2, 4 hz
-
screening outcomes
- separates those with high prob of hearing loss
- validates those who need a referral for a diagnostic audiological evaluation
|
|