-
What is psychobiology?
The study of brain behavior or behavioral neuroscience
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Leukemia
uncontrolled proliferation of WBS'c in bone marrow
-
How does HIV replicate?
killing the CD4 T-cell and releasing copies into the blood
-
HIV is what?
Retrovirus that selectively attacks the CD4 lymphocytes and destroys the immune system.
-
What is the cell count of AIDS?
<200 CD4 count
-
What happens to CD4 count in HIV?
- the count decreases and cannot be replaced.
-
- as it decreases- risk of opportunistic infection and death increases
-
What happens in Diverticulosis?
mucosal layer of the colon herniates through the muscularis layer
-
diagnostic tests for diverticulosis?
- Ultrasound
- colonoscopy
- guaic stool
- barium enema
- CT scan
- Sigmoidoscopy
-
signs/symptoms of diverticulosis
- severe constipation
- lower left side abdominal pain
- fever
- guarding
- abdominal rigidity
- elevated WBC count
- occasional rectal bleeding
- may have no symptoms
-
What intestinal disorder is caused by fecal contaminated food and water?
Dysentery=inflammation, abd pain, straining and blood and mucous in diarrhea
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what is bacillary dysentery?
- Shigella
- Can be mild,sudden, severe or fatal
-
Characteristics of Shigella?
- Fluid loss and dehydration
- large intestine ulceration (advanced stage)
treat with antibiotics, fluid replacement, blood transfusion
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What causes Amoebic Dysentery?
Entamoeba histolytica
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how is Amoebic dysentery diagnosed?
stool sample
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what causes diverticulosis?
most common >60
- severe constipation
- lack of fiber
- lack of nutrients from diet
- bacteria from food becomes trapped in pouches
-
What is ALS Lou Gehrig's Disease?
Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis
neurologic disorder that selectively affects motor function
progressive muscular atrophy
-
Progression of ALS?
- -progressive weakness in distal muscles of one upper extremity
- -then regional weakness
- -then multiple limbs and head
- -then palate, tongue,neck (can't swallow)
- -then cranial nerves and death
-
Survival period of ALS?
2-5 years from onset
-
What is erythropoietin?
Hormone mostly formed in kidneys that regulates differentiation of RBC's in bone marrow
-
How is erythropoietin synthesized?
stimulated by hypoxia
-
what is ARDS?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
inadequate exchange of O2 for CO2 in Lungs
-
What does fluid have to do with ARDS?
Edema accumulates in interstitial spaces which leads to Bilateral Pulmonary Edema (w crackles)
fluid buildup prevents O2 from getting into Lungs and Blood
Lungs become heavy and stiff
-
What acid is a problem with GOUT?
uric acid
it builds up in the blood and causes inflammation and crystallization in the synovial joint of toe or knee or ankle joints
-
What is an acute complication of DM?
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- =
- hyperglycemia (BGL>250)
- ketonemia
- hyperkalemia
- metabolic acidosis
-
What is diabetes mellitus?
disorder of protein, carbohydrate, fat metabolism
imbalance between insulin availability and need
-
Type I Diabetes?
- childhood onset
- loss of Beta cell function
- insulin DEFICIENT
- thin
-
Type II Diabetes?
- usually adult onset
- impaired beta cell function
- Insulin RESISTANT
- overweight
increased hepatic glucose production
-
What are the two types of Type I Diabetes?
1A- immune mediated beta cell destruction
1B-idiopathic-strongly inherited- common in African Americans
-
What is hypoglycemia level?
BGL <70
-
Chronic complications of DM?
- neuropathy
- retinopathy
- nephropathy
- foot ulceration
- cardiovascular
- stroke
-
Diabetes Insipidus?
decreased response to ADH
- =
- large urine output + excessive thirst
- (unable to concentrate their urine)
-
What happens in Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
deficit of synthesis and release of ADH
(head injury or surgery near hypothalamohypophyseal tract)
-
What happens in Nephrogenic DI?
kidneys do not respond to ADH
(genetic trait or drugs like lithium or electrolyte deficiencies)
-
What is Addison's?
primary adrenal insufficiency of adrenal cortical hormones
rare
-
which disorder requires lifelong hormone replacement and destroys all layers of the adrenal cortex?
- Addison's
- =
- ACTH levels are elevated bc no feedback inhibition
-
what are some causes of Addison's?
- autoimmune
- TB
- Fungal infection
- AIDS
- open heart surgery
- childbirth
- trauma
-
symptoms of Addisons?
- poor tolerance to stress
- limited ability to fight infections
- decreased CO
- dehydration
- hyperkalemia
- hyponatremia
- salt craving
-
Acute Renal Failure?
- abrupt decrease in renal function
- sufficient enough to result in retention of nitrogenous waste and disrupt fluid and electrolyte
- homeostasis.
-
Psychobiology
biology dealing with relations btwn body and behavior
- especially as shown thru nervous system
- receptors and effectors
-
What is Parkinson's?
- degeneration disorder of basal ganglia =
- tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia
degeneration of Dopamine neuron
-
What do we do for ARDS patient?
- Elevate head 30+ degrees
- lung sounds ventilation
- ABG suction
- monitor for hypoxemia fluid/electrolyte
- VS
- kidney output
-
what happens with Asthma?
- chronic inflammatory reactive airway disease
- airway: congested with mucus
- edema,
- smooth bronchioles constrict
- alveoli air trapping
-
What is emphysema?
- destruction of alveolar walls
- abnormal enlargement of gas-exchange airways
- loss of elastic recoil
- no fibrosis
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