Microbiology Chapter 15.txt

• Pneumotropic Viral Diseases
• Influenza
• Adenoviruses
• Rhinoviruses

• Orthomyxoviridae
• 8 ssRNA segments
• Envelope with spikes

Fever, Fatigue, headache, pain

• Reye's syndrome
• Guillian Barre

• Infants
• Elderly
• Immunocompromised people

Respiratory droplets

31

• Icosahedral picornaviridae
• ssRNA

• Common colds�head colds
• Headache, chills, dry-scratchy throat, runny nose, plugged nose

Spread hand to hand, sneezing, coughing

• Icosahedral virions
• dsDNA
• Show inclusion bodies

• Common cold
• Keratoconjunctivitis
• Viral meningitis

• Fever, sore throat, cough, swollen lymph nodes
• They induce the formation of inclusion bodies in host tissues

• Acute febrile pharygitis
• Pharyngoconjuntival fever
• Acute respiratory disease
• Any of these can progress to viral pneumonia

• Herpes Simplex
• Chicken Pox
• Measles (Rubeola)
• Rubella (German Measles)

in Infancy

• roseola infantum, marked by:
• high fever
• subsequent red rash

contact with respiratory secretions or saliva

HHV-6 viremia

multiple sclerosis later in life

• Icosahedral with envelope and spikes
• dsDNA
• Lipschutz bodies

• Cold sores
• Neonatal herpes
• Gingivostomatitus
• Keratitis
• Genital herpes

• HSV-1
• After primary infection, the HSV-1
• Becomes latent in sensory ganglia

Viruses are reactivated and move to the epithelium

Itching and throbbing in the genital area followed by blisters

Acyclovir

HSV-2

Shorten and decrease the number of outbreaks

• Herpes keratitis
• It can cause scarring of the cornea and blindness

• A life-threatening disease passed from infected mothers to newborns during childbirth
• The child's mental development can be delayed
• Blindness and seizures can occur

• Icosahedral, with envelope
• dsDNA
• It is a highly communicable disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

A vaccine using attenuated viruses became available in 1995

• Fever, headache, general malaise
• Teardrop-shaped fluid-filled vesicles
• A red, itchy rash spreads across the entire body and turns into fluid-filled vesicles
• The itchy vesicles break open and yield highly infectious virus-laden fluid

It is transmitted by skin contact and respiratory droplets

2 weeks

• The most common complication is bacterial infection of the skin
• Pneumonia, encephalitis, or Reye syndrome may also occur

• If they are reactivated, they can travel to the body trunk and cause blisters and patches of red
• It can also cause facial paralysis and severe 'ice-pick� pains
• It can occur repeatedly

Persistence of shingles pain for years after the blisters have disappeared

• Kaposi sarcomic is an angiogenic tumor of the blood vessel walls
• It is most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients
• It is caused by HHV-8, forming dark or purple skin lesions

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) are oncogenic

B virus, or Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, is an infectious agent that is commonly found among macaque monkeys, including rhesus macaques, pig-tailed macaques, and cynomolgus monkeys. Monkeys infected with this virus usually have no or mild symptoms. In humans, however, B virus infection can result in a fatal encephalomyelitis. B virus disease in humans is extremely rare, but often fatal -- an estimated 80% of untreated patients die of complications associated with the infection.

• Paramyxoviridae
• s.s.RNA helical virion with envelope and spikes

• Coughing, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, high fever (104)
• Koplik spots
• Red rash starts at hairline
• No sore throat as found in scarlet fever

• Bacterial disease in the respiratory tissue
• Panencephalitis

MMR

• Togaviridae
• s.s.RNA icosahedral virion with envelope and spikes
• Dangerous to pregnant women in first trimester

Spread by contact or resp. droplets

• Variable fever
• maculopapular rash: head to rest of body
• mild cold symptoms
• swollen lymph nodes

• 1 day, lasts 1-2 days
• Recovery is usually prompt, but relapses can occur

MMR

The fetus is infected through the placenta

• eye
• ear
• heart

It is spread by respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects

• enlarged jaw tissues caused by swollen salivary glands
• The swelling is caused by blockage of ducts leading from the parotid glands

Paramyxovirus

In males, swelling and damage may occur in the testes (orchitis)

• (Erythema Infectiosum) Produces a Mild Rash
• It is caused by a member of the Parvoviridae

Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets

• A fiery red rash on the cheeks and ears, and trunk
• It disappears within a few days

Can experience symptoms similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis

Human parvovirus B19

• Planter warts
• Genital warts
• Human papilloma virus

• Human papilloma virus
• Icosahedral DNA

Benign skin growths resulting from a specific strain of HPV

• An affected person
• A contaminated object
• Genital warts (condylomata) are often transmitted through sexual contact
• They may be transmitted to newborns during delivery

• Vaccinations ceased in the U.S. in 1972 after eradication occurred, so many people are not immune
• Smallpox is one of the most dangerous weapons of bioterrorism

• It facilitates the attachment and penetration of influenza viruses to host cells.
• It's shape determines the host range and tropism
• An enzyme in one of the two spikes projecting from the envelope of the influenza virus.

• A protein assisting the release of the virions from the host cell when replication is complete.
• An enzyme in one of the two spikes projecting from the envelope of the influenza virus.

• An abrupt major change in structure to influenza A viruses.
• It may give rise to new strains that can now jump to another species to which everyone is totally defenseless, and from which a pandemic may ensue.

The body mistargets the influenza infection and instead damages its own peripheral nerve cells causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis

• Usually appears in young people after taking aspirin to treat fever or pain associated with influenza or chicken pox.
• It begins with nausea and vomiting but progressive mental changes may occur such as confusion or delirium.

• Caused by an Adenovirus
• A form of conjunctivitis most commonly contracted by swimming in virus contaminated water.

• Caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• An infection takes place in the bronchioles and air sacs of the lungs

• A herpes infection of the eye.
• Causes scarring of the cornea and is a leading cause of blindness in the US

An inflammation of the larynx and trachea causing cough, hoarseness and breathing difficulties.

• A test which focuses on diseases that have congenital significance.
• Toxoplasmosis
• Other
• Syphilis
• Rubella
• Cytomegalovirus
• Herpes

• An adult disease produced by the same virus causing chickenpox.
• The virus causes blisters with blotchy patches of red that appear to encircle the trunk
• Headache, facial paralysis, and very debilitating ice pick pains
• Linked to physical and emotional stress

A highly angiogenic tumor of the blood vessel walls most commonly seen in those with weakened immune systems such AIDS patients

Refering to the generation of many blood cells

Red patches with white grain-like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth 2-4 days after the onset of measles symptoms.

Measles, Mumps & Rubella vaccine

Mumps

• Mumps infection of the testicles
• The sperm count may be reduced but sterility is not common.

Warts on the foot

The pitted scars left by the smallpox pustules

• A characteristic feature of the viral disease Molluscum contagiosum
• Large cytoplasmic bodies in the infected cells from the base of the lesion.

Enlarged jaw tissue arising from swollen salivary glands

• Begins in the respiratory tract with a fever, headache and malaise.
• Moves from the bloodstream to nerves to localize on the skin.
• An itch red rash on the face, scalp, chest and back is produced that can spread across the entire body.

• Hacking cough, sneezing, nasal discharge, eye redness, sensitivity to light and high fever
• Koplik spots appear along the gum line 2-4 days after the onset of symptoms.
• The red rash begins as pink-red pimple like spots (macropapuals) and breaks out at the hairline. It then covers the face and spreads to the trunk and extremities.

• Can lead to destruction of fetal capillaries and blood insufficiency follows.
• The organs most often affected are the eyes, ears, and cardiovascular organs.
• Children may be born with cataracts, glaucoma, deafness or heart defects.

Respiratory

Airborne respiratory droplets

• Hemaglutinin
• Neuraminidase

Antigenic variation.

• A - strikes every year and causes most flu epidemics. Divided into subtypes bases on H & N surface glycoproteins
• B - strikes every year but is less widespread than type A. Only humans. No subtypes
• C - causes a mild respiratory illness but not epidemics

15 known

9 known

Bacteria

Amantadine

Adenovirus

Pharyngoconjunctival fever, AKA keratoconjunctivitis

Syncytial

Syncytia: giant multinucleate cells caused by tissue cells fusing together

Lining of the nose, sinuses, throat and upper airways, AKA the upper respiratory tract

There are more than 200 viruses and strains that cause the common cold.

10%

Pneumonia

Smallpox

Mumps

Common cold

Measles

Chickenpox

German measles

HHV-6