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 What is letter A?
Sepal
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All of the petals
Corolla
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What is letter B?
Petal
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Consists of the calyx and the corolla
Perianth
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Consists of all of the male parts of the flower
Androecium
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What is A and What is B and then together what is A and B?
- A = Anther
- B = Filament
- A & B = Stamen
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What consists of all of the Female parts of the flower?
Gynoecium
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What is C, F, and G and then what are all of these parts together called?
- C = Ovary
- F = Style
- G = Stigma
- all of them together make up the Pistil
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What is the part called that the ovary sits on or is inside?
Receptacle
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What is letter H?
Pedicel
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The area where the sepals, petals, and filaments are all fused together
Hypanthium
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What is the difference between an imperfect flower and an incomplete flower
Imperfect = Missing sex whorls
- Incomplete = missing 1 or more of the 4 whorls
- (calyx, corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium
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What is a flower with bilateral symmetry
- Zygomorphic --- AKA, Irregular
- bilaterial
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what is a flower called that has radial symmetry?
- Actinomorphic --- AKA, Regular Flower
- radial symmertry
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What is it called when parts of the same whorl are fused?
-sepal to sepal
Connate
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What is it called when different whorls are fused together?
- stamens to pistals
- stamens to petals
Adnate
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A pistil can be made of many ______?
Carpels
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The spaces or chambers inside an ovary
Locules
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1 free carpel
monocarpous
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2 or more free carpels
apocarpous
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2 or more fused carpels
syncarpous
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Magnoliophyta
- Division of
- Flowering Plants
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Difference between gymnosperms and Angiosperms
- more advanced vascular anayomy
- seed contains endosperm
- Seeds enclosed in an ovary
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- Nymphaeaceae
- Aquatic, simple leaves, solitary flower, many sepals, petals, stamens
- can be apocarpous or synocarpus
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Difference between simple and compound leaves
- Compound has multiple leaflets
- simple has one body
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Determinate
Oldest flower is at the top
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Indeterminate
Oldest flower is at the bottom
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Name each level of taxonomic hierarchy.
- Kingdom
- Division (phylum)
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
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Name common Pteridophyta characteristics
- Reproduce by spores
- require water for reproduction
- Alternating FREE LIVING life stages (haploid and diploid)
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why do we not use common names
- some plants have more than one common name
- too many species
- different plants have the same common name
- some plants do not have common names
- foreigners will not know what plant you are referring too
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How do you wright a proper Latin name?
Genus species Author
Genus capitalized / species not
Genus and species underlined or italicized
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What are the Latin roots for Division and Family?
Division ends in – “ophyta”
Family ends in – “aceae"
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Draw the life cycle of Pteridophytes
lable: diploid, haploid, fertilization and meiosis.
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Pinophyta characteristics
- Cone bearing gymnosperm
- Wind pollination
- Monoecious or Dioecious
- Most likely evergreen
- waxy leaves: avoid water loss
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What is a gymnosperm
- naked seed
- these plants do not form flowers or true fruits
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What is a conifer
plant that bears cones
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Difference between monoecious and dioecious
- Monoecious: male and female parts on same plant
- Dioecious: male and female parts on sperate plants
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- A: Seed Scale
- B: Bract Scale
- C: Ovule
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What are the 4 whorls
- Calyx (Vegetative)
- Corolla (Vegetative)
- Androecium (Reproductive)
- Gynoecium (Reproductive)
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Plant division that includes flowering plants
magnoliophyta
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Class that has Dicotyledons
Magnoliopsida
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Dicotyledons
pair of seed leaves
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endosperm
tissue produced inside seeds and contains the embryostores nutrients for embryo
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- A: Marginal B: Parietal
- C: Axile D: Axile
- E: Free Central F: Free Central
- G: Apical H: Basal
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Difference between Annual, Perennial, and Biennial
- •Annual- completes its life cycle in
- 1 year or less
- •Perennial- lives for more than one
- year
- •Biennial- takes 2 years to complete
- life cycle
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Caryophyllaceae
simple leaves w/ swollen nodesinfl = cymesepals= 5petals = 5 with "limb and claw"syncarpous with 3-5 styles
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Rosaceae
- 5 sepals (sometimes with bracts and appears 10)
- 5 petalslots of stamens
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Rhizomes
Horizontal stems that are underground
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Stolons
horizontal stems above ground
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Tubers, Corms, Bulbs
- Storage Organs
- NOT ROOTS!!
- Either stems, leaves, or both
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Nymphaceae
- Aquatic Herbs with rhizomes
- simple leaves with long petioles
- many sepals, petals, and stamens
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Rununculaceae
- •Habit- perennial herbs
- •LVS- alt or basal; simple or
- compound
- •INFL- various
- •Ca- 0 or 5 or many
- •Co- 0 or 5 or many
- •A- many
- •G- 3 to many superior, unfused
- pistils (usu)
- •Fruit- usu achene or
- follicle
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Caprifoliaceae
- Opposite leaves
- 5 petals and sepals
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Ericaceae
- urned shaped inflorecent
- 5 petals and sepals
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Catkin
Spike or raceme of unisex flowers without petals
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two specialized capsules for brassicaceae
Silicle and Silique
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Native Species
In North America prior to European Contact
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What influences plant distribution (6)
- climate
- soils
- herbivores
- competition with other plants
- History (Glaciation, etc.)
- dispersal
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Invasive
A non-native plant that grows to the exclusion of other plants
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Naturalized
A non-native plant that establishes in an introduced rate and continues to exist without human intervantion
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Noxious Weed
A legal category of introduced plantsDesignated in MT every 2 yearsplant must cause economic or ecological harmmust be controlled once designated
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capsul
breaks along more than 2 suturesr
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Fabaceae
Draw flower
- Pea, Bean, Legume family
- flowers have banner, wings, and Keel
- tendrils are common
- 10 or 9 fussed stamens, one free
- LEGUMES
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label these parts:
• Head • Receptacle • Bracts/involucre • Ray floret • Disc floret • Ligule • Pappus
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What are some plants of Apieaceae?
Carrots, parsley, dill, cilantro, etc.
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Carryophyllaceae characteristics
- simple opposite leaves with SWOLLEN NODES
- 5 sepals and petals with LIMB AND CLAW
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Liliopsida
- are monocots
- 1 seed leaf
- parallel venation in leaves
- vascular bundles scattered
- fibrous roots
- pollen has 1 opening
- flowers in 3s
- NEVER produce wood
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Iridaceae
- Habit- perennial herbs, from a bulb/corm
- • LVS- linear, simple EQUITANT
- • Infl- various
- • Ca- 3, showy
- • Co- 3 showy
- • A- 3 united below
- • G- 3, inferior petal-like style
- • Frt- capsule
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Orchidaceae Characteristics
- • Habit- perennial herbs
- • LVS- linear, simple
- • Infl- various
- • Ca- 3 sepals (often petal-like)
- • Co- 3 petals: 2 + a lip
- • A- 1 stamen, fused to style = “column”
- • G- inferior, style fused to stamen
- • Frt-capsule with tiny seeds
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Threats to grassland
- Development for cities and suburbs
- • Plowing for ag production
- • Invasive species
- • Conversion to non-native species
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Spikelet • Glume • Palea • Lemma • floret
- Spikelet is floret
- lemma = lower one-- may be wrong on this pic
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native grasses of Missoula
- Agropyron spicatum (Blue bunch wheat grass)
- Koelaria macrantha (Prairie Junegrass)
- Festuca campestris (syn. F scabrella) (Rough fescue)
- Festuce idahoensis (Idaho fescue)
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Introduced grasses of Missoula VAlley
- Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)
- Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass)
- Bromus inermis (smooth brome)
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Differences between Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae
- Cyperaceae and Juncaeae usually wet areas
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