Chapter 3 Menstrual Cycle

The __________ is the monthly cycle of follicle development, ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and changes in the endometrium.

The 2 phases of the menstrual cycle in the ovary:

The three phases of the menstrual cycle in the uterus:

The follicular phase in the ovary is coordinated with the __________ and __________ phases of the uterus.

The luteal phase of the ovary is coordinated with the __________ phase of the uterus.

In the __________ phase of the Ovarian Cycle, the rapid growth of the tertiary follicles under the influence of FSH to form the Graafian follicle. Increasing estrogen levels and the spike in LH and FSH trigger ovulation.

__________ marks the end of the __________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

The __________ phase coordinates with menses and proliferative phase of the uterus.

In the __________ phase of the Ovarian Cycle, the formation of the corpus luteum and its secretion of estradiol and progesterone to influence the uterus to become thick and spongy and ready to receive an embryo.

Formation of the ________ and its secretion of __________ and __________ to influence the uterus to become thick and spongy and ready to receive an embryo.

In the __________ phase, low levels of estrogen & progesterone stimulate hypothalamus to release GnRH.

__________ stimulates anterior pituitary to release LH & FSH.

__________ & __________ stimulate the ovary.

LH stimulates __________ cells of the follicle to produce androgens (estrogen).

FSH stimulates __________ cells of follicles to convert androgens to estrogen.

In the early follicular phase:

The early follicular phase of the ovary coordinates with the __________ phase of the uterus.

The low levels of __________ & __________ constrict spiral arteries of endometrium and thus it sheds.

In the late follicular phase:

In the late follicular phase, estrogen & FSH induces __________ receptors to form on __________ cells.

In the late follicular phase, LH stimulates __________ cells to produce __________.

In the late follicular phase:

In the late follicular phase, FSH surges trigger:

The late follicular phase coordinates with the __________ phase of the uterus.

In the __________ phase, the endometrium is starting to be built up.

Ovulation (day 14) signals the end of the __________ and the beginning of the __________ phase.

__________ signals the end of the follicular phase and the beginning of the luteal phase.

In the __________ cycle, monthly changes in the endometrium take place.

The uterine cycle is coordinated with the __________ cycle.

The 3 phases of the Uterine Cycle:

The __________ and __________ phases of the uterine cycle coordinate with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.

The __________ phase of the uterine cycle coordinates with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

Menstrual Phase Overview:

In the menstrual phase, estrogen & progesterone __________.

In the menstrual phase, the shedding of the endometrium is aided by __________, which will cause the __________.

__________ contains blood (clots then liquefies), uterine fluids, endometrial debris, and some vaginal cells.

The menstrual phase coordinates with the __________.

A painful, chronic disease that occurs when endometrium of the uterus is found outside the uterus.

In the proliferative phase of the uterus (days 6-14), __________ stimulates __________.

The thickening of the endometrium is stimulated by __________.

Estrogen induces __________ receptors to form in __________ cells.

The proliferative phase of the uterus coordinates with __________.

In the secretory phase of the uterus (days 14-28), Progesterone stimulates:

Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to __________.

Progesterone stimulates __________ to grow and develop.

Progesterone stimulates the ____________ glands to secrete __________.

The secretory phase of the uterus coordinates with __________.

__________ is the first menstrual period.

__________ is the abnormal cessation of menstration.

Amenorrhea is due to __________ or __________.

The period of life (45-55) in which ovulation & menstruation cease is __________.

In menopause, GnRH, FSH & LH are all still produced, but __________ are unresponsive.

What are the 2 phases of the Ovarian cycle?

A) Primary oocyte and secondary oocyte 
B) Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, Graafian
C) Menstrual, follicular, and luteal
D) Menstrual, proliferative, and secretory
E) Follicular and luteal
follicle, and secondary oocyte

What phase(s) of the uterine cycle coordinate with the
follicular phase of the ovary?

A) Secretory
B) Proliferative
C) Choices B and C
D) Menstrual,
E) Choices A and B

What stimulates FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH
(luteinizing hormone) to be released from the anterior pituitary?

A) GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) pulsating out of the hypothalamus
B) The corpus luteum
C) Theca and granulosa cells
D) Atresia of the follicles
E) High estrogen and progesterone levels

What stimulates ovulation on day 14 of the cycle?

A) Corpus luteum
B) High levels of progesterone
C) Low levels of estrogen
D) A spike in LH (luteinizing hormone)
E) A spike in FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

LH (luteinizing hormone) acts upon ________

A) Primary oocytes
B) Endometrium
C) Both A and B
D) Theca cells
E) Granulosa cells

Progesterone is released by the

A) Corpus albicans
B) Endometrium
C) Corpus luteum
D) Follicle
E) Anterior pituitary

High levels of progesterone stimulate the uterus to.

A) Induce progesterone receptors to form in the endometrial lining
B) Constrict spiral arteries of endometrium + shed the endometrial lining
C) Stimulate Theca cells to produce estrogen
D) Double the thickness of the endometrium
E) Release a Graafian follicle and secondary oocyte + 1 polar body

True or False? LH and FSH spike during the secretory phase