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Northstars11
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Gaskets and O-rings are two kinds of _____ seals.
Mechanical
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O-rings require a(n)______to create a seal.
groove
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______compensate for temperature fluctuations in a control loop.
Expansion loops
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_______ tubing is corrosion-resistant and suitable for high-temperature, high-pressure applications.
Stainless Steel
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_____ achieve a tight seal by forcing the flared edge of the tubing up against the tapered end of the fitting body.
Flared Fittings
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Leak detector fluid is essential when trying to locate leaks in instrument connections
Air
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Metals that are to be soldered must be thoroughly cleaned ______ flux is applied.
Before
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Flux and discoloration may be removed from the fitting after a joint has been made using?
Emery cloths and wire brushes
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the preferred cutting tools for stainless steel tubing are
tube cutters
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______ are good tools for removing dirt, oil, and other residue from fittings and tubing before solder is applied.
Emery cloths and lint-free cloths
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the materials of which mechanical seals are made must be _____ with the process materials of the applications in which they are used.
compatible
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Bends require ______ tubing than square corners.
Less
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the wall thickness of tubing is determined by its
Inside and outside diameters
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_______ tubing may be found as a single tube or as a bundle of single tubes within a protective sheath.
plastic
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flux residue can cause stainless steel tubing to
corrode
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applications in which pneumatic signals must be carried between instruments commonly use
plastic tubing and stainless steel tubing
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compression fittings are commonly found on
metal tubing and plastic tubing
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flared fittings are limited to use on
metal tubing
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leak detector fluid is usually not required to check for ____ leaks.
liquid
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_____ provide a seal between flat mating surfaces.
gaskets
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the gauge of a wire is determined by the ____ of the conductor.
diameter
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according to Ohm's law, if the voltage remains constant and resistance, current will
decrease
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a good solder joint should be
shiny
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metal bubbling up from the _____ in a coaxial cable connector indicates that the joint is solid
access hole
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instrument signals passing through lines of flux from high-voltage equipment may be
distorted, lost, and interrupted
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instrument grounds protect electronic signals from
electric noise
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every electrical connection should be tested for ______ after any installation or repair work is done.
resistance
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it is essential to ______ before beginning any work on a circuit in the field.
verify the circuit de-energized
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with coaxial cable connectors, the cable shield is usually inserted through a hole in the ________
grounding tab
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check ______ terminal connections from the point at which te lost signal symptom appears
sequential
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the voltage rating of a wire is determine by the ______ of the conductor
insulation
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according to Ohm's law if voltage remains constant and resistance decreases, current will
increase
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a poor solder joint will be
dull and grainy
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metal bubbling up from the access hole in a coaxial cable connector indicates that the joint is
solid
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_______ is used to protect instrument signals passing through lines of flux from high-voltage equipment from being distorted or lost
shielded cable
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grounding a shielded cable at ______ can create a ground loop.
Two points
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_____ tests should be done on every electrical connection after any installation or repair work is done.
resistance
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when verifying that a circuit is de-energized, it is important to test the operation of the multimeter _______ testing the circuit.
before and after
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when installing a coaxial cable connector, the ________ is usually inserted through a hold in the grounding tab
shield
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check sequential terminal connections from the point at which the lost signal symptom appears for _________
all of the above
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_______ is the difference between the actual value of the measured variable and the value of the variable indicated by the instrument
instrument error
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factors that should always be considered when analyzing an instrument's accuracy rating are _______ and _______.
rangeability and mounting position
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errors that can be observed on a calibration curve or input/output graph include _____, _____, _____, and _____.
zero shift, hysteresis, span error, and non-linearity
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characteristics that affect an instrument's accuracy in terms of the manufacturer's accuracy rating include dead band, linearity, ________, and ________.
repeatability and hysteresis
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position errors may be caused by
calibrating in position different from installation position, and mechanical deformation of instrument
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in order to permit the observation of linearity apart from the phenomena of hysteresis and dead band, it is necessary to plot and ______ curve.
average curve
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_________ is the closeness of agreement among several consecutive measurements of an instrument's output values
repeatability
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errors in interpretation may be caused by
parallax
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instrument errors that can usually be corrected during calibration include
none of the above
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an instrument is _______ if it is capable of consistently providing repeatable values for a given input
precise
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errors in _______ may be caused by misreading the value of scale subdivisions or incorrectly estimating reading in which pointer is located between divisions or subdivisions
paralax
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on an input/output graph, a zero shift line
all of the above
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linearity is expressed as a
percent of output
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with ______ , the response of the sensing element does not catch up to the input signal until the upper or lower ranges of the instrument are approached
hysteresis
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the smallest change in a measured variable to which an instrument will respond is a characteristic known as
sensitivity
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on an input/output graph, ______ is represented as a straight line that is at a different angle than the ideal line.
span error
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with _______ , all of the output reading are either consistently high or consistently low throughout the entire range
zero shift
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_______ is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value of a measured variable that an instrument can measure within state accuracy to the minimum value of the measured variable that it can measure with state accuracy
turndown
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an instrument's repeatability is expressed as
percentage of output span
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________ is the ration of the instrument's maximum full scale range to its minimum full scale range.
rangeability
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which of the following instrument errors can generally be adjusted
zero shift and span error
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which of these occurrences normally requires that an instrument should be recalibrated?
extended shutdown
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what is the signal range of an analog electronic pressure transmitter?
4-20 mA
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which of the following is the first step in a good calibration procedure
determination of signal range
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the proper formula used to determine the accuracy of a temperature transmitter is:
Accuracy: (Deviation/Signal Span) x 100
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gain is a function of:
input/output relationship
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in looking for indications of hysteresis, it is essential to:
take upscale and downscale readings
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the accurate measurement and comparison of an instrument's inputs and outputs to a known standard is a definition of:
calibration
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the most accurate standards are those with the _______ tolerances.
smallest
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_______ standards use physical properties of matter and physical laws to provide a standard for comparison.
primary
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calibration certification facilities use standards from ______ to calibrate their standards
NIST
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Manometers are________
primary pressure standards
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manometers can indicate pressures in
all of the above
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in order to obtain a measurement from a U-tube manometer, it is necessary to read ______.
both legs
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to ensure accurate calibrations, gloves should be worn when handling the ______ used with deadweight testers.
Weights
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when selecting piston/cylinder assemblies, it is good practice to choose the ______ available tester range that includes the pressure range of the instrument to be calibrated.
lowest
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the operating fluid in pneumatic testers is a
gas
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in a pneumatic deadweight tester, the pressure balance point is achieved by forces acting on a ______ assembly
ball and nozzle
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the least accurate standards are those with the ______ tolerances.
Widest
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_______ standards are extremely precise instruments used for the calibration of plant instruments and systems.
secondary
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calibration certification facilities provide standards for ________ to use to calibrate their standards.
industrial plants
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in a U-tube manometer, the reference level is the term used to describe the level apparent when pressure is _________.
not being applied
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the ______ is the curve of the fill fluid level.
meniscus
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A(n) _______ manometer is designed to provide greater accuracy for measuring small pressure changes
inclined
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______ are sets consisting of precision parts that are not interchangeable with components in other sets.
cylinders and weight systems
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flushing the connection before connecting the test instrument to be calibrated to a hydraulic deadweight tester's instrument connection port ensures that there are no _______ in the system.
air bubbles
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the operating fluid in hydraulic testers is a
liquid and oil
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in a hydraulic deadweight tester, the pressure balance point is achieved by forces acting on a _______ assembly.
piston and cylinder
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