mental health

• health is conseridered as a whole
• fight or flight response

• physicalogical stress response or biochemical fight or flight
• general adaption syndrome- how the body response to stressors

when person under stress, tension, or anxiety the body starts biochemicals, the body's command post the hypothalumus commnicates w/ pituitary gland which then notifies adrenal gland & releases hormones like dopamine, epinephrine, norepinepherine, & cortisol, body response to even sm. changes

S/S of stress colics, atopic dermititis, allergic reactions, GI problems, asthma, aches, pain

kids that have support from parents deal better w/ stress

• the GI is the system that encounters most problems
• GI- indigestion, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, ulcers,
• Resp.- asthma,
• Cardiac- increase in B/P,
• SEE PG 239

stress response theory- ppl are biochemically patterned to react to stress, the ANS prepares fight or flight, usually results to physical distrubance w/i body

carl jungs theory- believes stress leads to illness ( like GI problems or B/P)

Erich Fromm theory- certain personility prone to cretain illness from stress

Organic weakness theory- every person has body system that is more sensitive then other system

always believe pt compliants

• feeling the physical symptoms in absence of disease
• defined as a person's symptoms suggest the presence of medical illness

Dx- excluding physical dysfunctions, presenceof drugs, or mental health problems, if no of these found itz concidered somatoform disorders

S/S- of illness may b pt way od coping w/ emotional distress

emotional distress depletes the body's energy leading to decrease immune function which make them at higher risk 4 illness

• somatic illnesses based on cultural & spiritual beleifs
• assessments & TX shouldn't threaten or challenge beliefs
• health care providers need to learn & respect all cultural beliefs effective interventions

• 1. no organic medial condition that explans the symptoms can b found
• 2. the disorder significantly disrupts or impairs ones level of functioning
• 3. pt is unaware of or is unable to expres their emotional distress

ppl have factitious disorders- they intentionally produce S/S of illness or disability so ppl could beleive them

• polysymptomatic disorders- many differant conditions
• genetic & enviromental factors contribute to risk of getting somatization disorder
• look 4 tx w/ many DR so they get different meds making it likely to have drug interactions
• complaints are usually exaggerated
• signs of depression & anxety all very likely

• many organ systems involved in somatization disoreder
• characterized by early onset & chronic condition w/ no changes over time
• absence of labs

• considered somatoform disorder where pt present problems RT sensory or motor functions
• more common in ppl w/ lower socioeconomic status, living in rural areas, ppl w/ low health care knowledge
• when assessed for this their social & cultural backgrounds are concidered
• in kids they get a gait problem, adults get sensory & motor disturbances
• symptoms appear slowly & increase w/ time & last a short time
• thought to b a emotional (psyphic) conflict

Tx- eliminating causes/stressors, referring to therapiest where RX antidepressants & antianxiety are given, & behavioral tech given

La Belle indifferance- lack of concerns about S/S

• 1.Atleast 1 symptom involves sensory or motor system & suggest nuerological problem
• 2.S/S brought on or worsened by stressors
• 3.S/S are not intentionally produced
• 4.S/S cause distress & impair ADL
• 5.after exam S/S cant be explained

• thinking that they are always sick even when labs results come back clear (DANA), are usually dr. shoppers
• anxiety, depression, & commpulsive personality traits are present w/ hypochondiacs

patience, therapeutic communication skills, & alert observations are needed when caring for this pt

• 1. fear of having illness
• 2. pt not delusional they admit that they have an unreasonable concern
• 3. still think they are sick even after labs shows no disease
• 4. pt under major stress or impaired ADL
• 5. has been present 4 @least 6 mon.

somatoform pain disorder- when pain or discomfort is the focus of distress & no other cause identified. pt benefit from seeing pain clinic

• body dysmorphic disorder- most common site is head & face or ear, nose, thinning hair, droopin chin, crooked teeth, & other imperfections
• they concider themselves as ugly/unacceptable, can lead to suicide

they differ from somatoform disorders in that S/S are intentionally produced

• facticious disorders
• they produce S/S of illness for some kind of gain
• factisious disorder by proxy aka munchausen syndrome- producing S/S to others mostly done to kids
• hard to DX b/c caregiver changes DR. when they feel they are gonna be caught

• mallingering- produce symptoms to meet recognizable goal (to not go to school) sounds like MEEEEE DANA, or to get some
• type of compensation like food shelter

• rule out presence of any physical disease or dysfunction
• develope trust
• encourage expression of feelings & emotional stress rathr then physical complaints
• meet physical needs when necessary, but encourage independance