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What is a three-carbon containing monosaccharide called?
Trioses
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Name two trioses.
Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone.
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What two R groups does glyceraldehyde contain?
Carboxyl group and hydroxyl group.
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What R group does Dihydroxyacetone contain?
Carboxyl group.
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What is a carboxyl group?
Carbon double bonded with Oxygen.
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What is an isomer?
molecules that share the same molecular composition but are structurally different.
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What is an aldose?
A monosaccharide in which the carbonyl group appears at the end of the carbon skeleton.
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What is a methyl group?
CH3
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What is an ethyl group?
CH2 + CH3
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The number of asymmetric atoms increases the number of ______________.
isomers
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In an alpha glucose molecule the hydroxyl group is __________ the first carbon atom.
below
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In a beta glucose molecule, the hydroxyl group is __________ the first carbon atom.
above
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Name three disaccharides.
Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
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Maltose has _____(number) ________(alpha or beta) glucose molecules.
2, alpha
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Has a _______ glycosidic linkage.
1-4
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Sucrose is made of up 1 _________ and 1 _________ molecule.
glucose, fructose
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Has a _________ glycosidic linkage.
1-2
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Lactose is made up of 1 ________ molecule and 1 __________ molecule.
glucose, galactose
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Explain lactose intolerance.
Body does not produce lactase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. Instead, the body ferments lactose, producing gas and toxins.
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Starch is made up of alpha or glucose molecules?
alpha
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Does amylose have branches?
no
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What glycosidic link does amylose have?
1-4
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Glycogen is structurally similar to which starch?
amylopectin
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Which starch can only be produced by animal cells?
Glycogen
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Is cellulose made of alpha or beta glucose molecules?
beta
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Fats are made up of 1 ________ molecule and 3 _______ ________ molecules.
glycerol, fatty acid
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A phospholipid is made of __________, 2 ______ ________, and 1 _________ _____.
Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid
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Fatty acids are hydrophobic/hydrophilic but the phosphate group is hydrophobic/hydrophilic.
hydrophobic, hydrophilic
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