Chemistry vocab 1-3.txt

knowledge about nature and our physical world and theories to explain knowledge

the application of knowledge for practical purposes

a mixture of chemistry and magic that came about in Europe during the Middle Ages (c.e. 500-1500)

philosophical speculation about nature

use materials and processes that are intended to prevent or reduce pollution at its source

designed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.

educated guesses

large amount of scientific data

best current explanation for a phenomenon

something that can change over the course of an experiment

estimation of a desirability quotient

work oriented toward the solution of a particular problem in an industry or the environment

the search for knowledge for its own sake

study of matter and the changes it undergoes

stuff that makes up all material things

can be observed or measured without generating new types of matter

how a substance reacts with other types of matter

maintains shape and volume

occupies definite volume but shape changes to object

maintains neither shape nor volume

having definite or fixed composition that does not vary from one sample to another

made up of one or two letters derived from the name of the element

smallest characteristic part of an element

group of atoms bound together as a unit

a modernized version of the metric system established in France in 1791

2.2 pounds

a unit about 10% longer than 1 yard

1 cubic decimeter or 100 cubic centimeters

required to make something happen that would not happen by itself

energy on the move- from warmer to cooler

measure of how hot or cold an object is

SI base unit. Laboratory work use.

SI derived unit of energy. More familiar unit.

calorie used for expressing the energy content of foods

matter is neither created not destroyed during a chemical change

stated that elements might combine in more than one set of proportions

referred to as units. Relative atomic masses.

63 elements in order of increasing atomic mass

negatively charged units

the beam that leaves the cathode and travels to the anode

image if bones

spontaneous emission of radiation from certain unstable elements

mass 4x that of a hydrogen atom and a charge 2x the magnitude of that of an electron

an electron but has more energy than in an atom

not deflected by a magnetic field

a charge equal in magnitude to that of the electron and has nearly the same mass as a hydrogen atom. Positively charged.

high mass of the helium nucleus. No charge

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

number of nucleons

tiny unit of energy. Depends on the frequency of the radiation

specified energy value for an electron

atoms with their electrons situated

electron jumps from the lowest possible to the highest level

various energy levels

arrangement of elements

various shaped volumes of space replace the planetary orbits

orbitals in the same shell that have the same letter designation

vertical column

horizontal row

In an A group

In a B group

electron in the outermost shell of an atom

metals in group 1A

Group 2A

Group 7A

lack of chemical reactivity

characteristic luster and is a good conductor of heat and electricity

lacks metallic properties