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Election of 1912
- Republican: Taft
- Bull Moose: Teddy Roosevelt
- Democratic: Wilson
- Wilson won
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Bull Moose Party
most successful 3rd party
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Characteristics of Wilson
- not friendly
- not able to compromise
- idealist
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Triple Wall of Privilege
- wanted to break tariffs, banks, trusts
- Wilson
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Underwood Tariff Bill
reduced tariff to 27%
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Payne Aldrich Bill
Former tariff before the Underwood tariff thatlowered some tariffs but increased others
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Aldrich-Vreeland Act
- During Panic of 1907
- passed so banks could issue emergency currency
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Aldrich Investigation
recommended band with many branches
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Louis D. Brandeis
- wrote "Other People's Money and How the Bankers use it"
- showed wealthy were consolidating funds and establishing a monopoly
- testifies for Pujo
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Federal Reserve Act
- creates modern banking system
- establishes a federal reserve system
- restricted private control of money and banks, regional reserve districts, central bank
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Federal Trade Commission
crush monopolies by eliminating false advertising, unfair trade practices, unlawful competition, bribery, and can investigate
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Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914
- attacks price discrimination and interlocking directorates (same individuals were on the boards of competing firms)
- labor and agriculture both exempted from anti trust action
- allowed strikes and peaceful picketing
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Federal Farm Loan Act 1916
credit to farmers at law percent rates
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Lafollette Seaman’s Act 1915
required decent treatment, a living wage
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Workingman’s Compensation Act 1916
assistance given to disabled federal employees
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Adamson Act
eight hour workday for railroad workers and over time pay
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Wilson and African Americans
did nothing for them because of his southern roots
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Wilson’s Foreign Policy
- he hated imperialism and dollar diplomacy
- no longer used the bug sister policy
- no more tariff on American part of panama
- Philippines gains territory status
- bought the US virgin islands from Denmark
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Virgin Islands
bought the US virgin islands from Denmark for $25 million
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Revolution in Mexico
- US invested $1 billion
- sent arms to Carranza and Poncho Villa
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General Pershing
- turned on America
- sent to Mexico to Pacho
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Causes of WW1
- militarism
- alliances
- imperialism
- nationalism
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
assassination in Sarajevo
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Central and Allied Powers
- Central: Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Germany
- Allies: France, Russia, US, Italy, Britain
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US Secret Feelings toward Germany
- dislike for German attack on neutral Germany
- they thought they were materialistic
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Help to Belgium/Allies
US sold weapons to the Allies- commitment
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New Jersey Munitions Plant
- German sabotage: agent left briefcase with info about munitions plants on NY subway
- 1916- munitions plain in NJ explodes
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Lusitania
on May 7, 1915 the Lusitania is sunk by a U-boat, killing128 Americans
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Sussex Pledge
Germany offers the Sussex pledge- will not sink passenger and merchant vessels without giving warning if the US try to break the British blockade
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Election in 1916
- Democratic: Wilson
- republican: Charles Elan Hyches Wilson with the promise "He kept US out of war" but some people criticize him for being to easy on the kalzer
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German Leader
Kalzer Wilhen II
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German Strategy
- Schiefren plan:
- conquer France before Russia can mobilize
- go through neutral Belgium
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Balkan Crisis
- Sarajevo, Bonia- Province of Austria Hungary
- slave nationalist wanted to annex nearby Serbia
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Franz Ferdinand
assassination caused the spark of WWI by slave nationalist (The Black Hand)
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Zimmerman note
the German ambassador sends a note to the Mexican ambassador promising TX and NM if Mexico would attack the US and get the US
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Russian Revolution
- takes Russia out of the war
- Vladimir Lenin took over the government and makes it communist
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Brutality of the War
trench warfare throughout the western front of France
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New Technology
- machine guns
- chlorine and mustard gas
- tanks
- airplanes
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Trench Warfare/Western Front
- reserve trench: easy lite support trench, provides support and supplies
- cover trench: provide cover fire for firing trench
- firing trench: 5x5 ft, wet feet, deepest trench
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
German announces "unrestricted submarine warfare" January 31, 1917
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US Declaration of War
April 6, 1917
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Fourteen Points
- abolish secret treaties
- freedom of the seas
- reduction of amendments
- adjustment of colonial claims
- self determination
- league of nations
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Committee on Public Information
- George Creel: propaganda to aid war effort
- "four minute men"
- bill boards, leaflets, songs, movies
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German Americans
- 8% of population
- loyal but hatred of German music, literature
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Espionage Act of 1917
Eugene v Debs and Haywood imprisoned
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Schneck v US
not violation of free speech if it posed a "danger"
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Council of National Defense
1915- economic mobilization created a war industry board
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National War Labor Board
- "work or fight" and "labor will win the war" William H. Taft
- 8 hour day- no guarantee for unions
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National American Women’s Suffrage Association
- supported the war
- 19th amendment passed in 1920
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National Women’s Party
anti war progressive
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Food Administration
- meatless Wednesday
- victory gardens
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Liberty Loans
$21 billion
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Conscription
- (daft) necessity
- all men 18-51 must register
- army grew to 4 million
- segregating units
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Archangel
we capture military supplies from communist at archangel and Siberia
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Marshal Foch
supreme commander of allied forces in France
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Chateau-Thierry
30,000 fresh US troops to stop German advance
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Second Battle of the Marne
- July 1918
- 243,000 US join French forces to push German forces out of St. Mibeil
- begins German withdrawal
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Meuse Argonne Offensive
- 1918 German surrendered
- hero- Alvin C. York
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14 Points Dropped
Germany hoped for Wilson's fair, idealistic plans
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End of war date
- November 11, 1918
- 11:00 AM
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US Contributions
- food
- credit
- loans
- guns
- bullets
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Human Costs
10 million people worldwide
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Paris Peace Conference
- January 1919: Italy, Britain, France, US
- Wilson had to compromise his 14 point plan
- only kept League of Nations
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Henry Cabot Lodge
- major deponent against the Treaty of Versea and League of Nations
- to weak
- created separate super state
- US morally responsible to help its allies
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Treaty of Doom Name and Reasons
- Treaty of Verseas
- unfair treaty- violates 14 points
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1920 Election
- Bull Moose now back
- Republican Warren G. Harding "promises a return to harmony" Democrat Wilson
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