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what is composed of two basic layers, maintains cell integrity (cell shape helps to not explose or collapse) and is the external covering outside the cytoplasm
cell envelope
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what are the two layers in the cell envelope
cell wall and cell membrane
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which gram stain has thick cell wall composed primarily of peptidoglycan and cell membrane
gram-positive bacteria
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which gram stain outer cell membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer and cell membrane
gram-negative bacteria
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what determines cell shape, prevents lysis due to changing osmotic pressures
cell walls
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what is the primary component of the cell wall
peptidoglycan
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what is a unique macromolecule composed of a repeating framework of long glycan chains cross-linked (amino acids) by short peptide fragements
peptidoglycan
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what cell wall has a thick peptidoglycan
gram-positive
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what cell wall includes teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid: function in cell wall maintenance and enlargement during cell division; move cations across the cell envelope
gram-positive
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what cell wall has some cells with a periplasmic space, between the cell membrane and cell wall
gram-positive
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what cell wall has inner and outer membranes and periplasmic space between them contains a thin peptidoglycan layer
gram-negative
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what cell wall has outer membrane containing lipopolysaccarides
gram-negative
-
what is the lipid portion (endotoxin) may become toxic when released during infections
lipopolysaccarides
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what may function as receptors and blocking immune responses
lipopolysaccarides
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what contains porin (shaped as donuts, widen or narrow=molecule regulation) proteins in upper layer- regulates molecules entering and leaving cell
lipopolysaccarides
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what is a differential stain that distinguishes cells with a gram+ cell wall from thoose with a gram-
gram stain
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what gram stain retains crystal violet and stain purple
gram-postivie
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what gram stain lose crystal violet and stains red from safranin counterstain
gram-negative
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what is important basis of bacterial classification and identification
gram stain
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what is practical aid in diagnosing infection and guiding drug treatment
gram stain
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what is the bacterial group that lacks cell wall structure
mycobacterium and nocardia
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what is the bacterial group that has no cell wall, cell membrane stabilizes by sterols, is plemomorphic (many irregular shapes)
mycoplasma
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what is the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins- fluid mosaic model
cell membrane structure
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what has the function of providing site for energy reactions, nutrient processing, and synthesis
cell membrane
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what has the function of passage of nutrients into the cell and discharge of wastes
cell membrane
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what is selectively permeable
cell membrane
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