Light in appearance; larger than other vegetative cells
Sensitive to oxygen
Thicker wall that prevents diffusion of oxygen
Develop from vegetative cells
Not as granular
Contain polar nodules (which connect) where there is a cytoplasmic connection between vegetative cells called microplasmodesmata
Do not contain oxygen containing pigments
Low in phycobilins and lack PS II
Heterocyst function
N fixation
-Products are transported through the microplasmodesmata from the heterocyst to the vegetative cells and the products of photosynthesis move in the opposite direction
akinete structure
Larger than heterocysts; located next to heterocysts
More granular in appearance; stacked with storage food
Enlarged cells surrounded by thickened envelopes
akinete function
Not a reproductive structure; more of a resistance structure, which increases viability
Allow the cy. to survive during unfavorable periods
lynbyatoxins
causes __
contains __
lynbyatoxin a
aplasiatoxin
dermatitis
tumor-producing compounds
hormogonia structure
Short segments from cyanobacteria that break off from a cyanobacterial colony
hormogonia function
Glide away from their parent colony at rates as rapid as 10 micrometers per second
chlamydomonas
Unicellular with two equal flagella
Form of green algae
function of chlamydomonas
Has red photosensitive eyespot, the stigma, that aids in detection of light
Chloroplast contains pyrenoid (surrounded by starch)
Contractile vacuoles
volvox structure
Motile colonies; a hollow sphere; vegetative, biflagellated cells and nonflagellated reproductive cells
Oogamous sexual reproduction
True or False:
Some species of dinoflagellates can release exotoxins.
True: think of pfiesteria piscicida
__ affect Na+ transport in the ANS and cause inhibition of neurons and transmission in skeletal muscle.
brevetoxins
Fucus is __ that has __.
fucus
haplobiontic diploid
Symbiotic dinoflagellates rae called __. They are responsible for __.
zooxanthellae
coral reefs
In diatoms and dinoflagellates, which form of reproduction is more prominent?
asex is more prominent than sex
What are hydrocolloids?
substances that form a gel in the presence of water; used as thickeners, emulsifiers, smoothing agents, stabilizing agents, etc.
algins
agar
carageenan
Fucus is __.
rockweed
Macrocystis is __
brown algae
Red Algae (polysiphonia) life cycle
sex organs arise near the tips of branches of the haploid gametophytes (which arise from haploid tetraspores)
spermatanngia releases cells taht act as spermatia
the carpagonium contains the nucleus at the basal layer and acts as the egg and is fertilized
diploid carpospores are formed by mitosis within carposporangia and freed through the pericarp (outer stucture)
carpospores germinate and form the tetrasporophyte, which produce the tetrasporangia
Through meiosis, the four tetraspores are formed (haploid) and form the haploid gametophytes starting the cycle over
