-
The word 'philosophy' means:
the love of wisdom
-
In philosophy, we examine our religious, political, and moral beliefs in order to
ask whether we should continue to hold them
-
By philosophically examining our basic beliefs about reality and life, we
make them our own
-
The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in by using your own reasoning ability is
autonomy
-
Philosophy seeks to understand
what it means to be a human being, the fundamental nature of God and reality, the sources and limits of knowledge.
-
Plato's Myth of the Cave illustrates how
philosophy is difficult, philosophy is an activity, and the aim of philosophy is freedom.
-
The three traditional fields of philosophy are
epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics
-
_______ was Socrates' disciple.
Plato
-
Although not the first philosopher, this person is usually thougt of as the father of Western philosophy.
Socrates
-
Our views about human nature affect
our relationship to other people, our relationship to the universe, and what we do with our lives.
-
Psychological egoism is the belief that
beings act only from self-interest
-
Plato believed the self consisted of
reason, spirit, and appetite
-
According to a rationalistic view like Plato's, the _____ part of the human being should rule over the _____.
reasoning, appetites
-
In the Traditional Religious View, ________.
humans have both intellect and will, the level of intelligence is unimportant, life's ultimate purpose is love and service to God
-
According to Darwin, ________.
man is just a higher animal
-
The ______ view holds that the human self creates its own nature.
existential
-
________ wrote: "Existence precedes essence."
Jean-Paul Sartre
-
The concept of "bad faith" is associated with ________.
Jean-Paul Sartre
-
Existentialism deals with concepts such as
freedom, responsibility, anguish
-
Metaphysics is
the critical study of the nature of reality
-
________ is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality.
Materialism
-
They embrace the scientific method, determinism, and are reductionistic.
Materialists
-
The determinist view of reality holds that _______.
human are not free nor are they personally responsible for what they do
-
The libertarian view of reality holds that ______.
human actions are not causally determined by previous events and the laws of nature
-
_______ construes the self as part of the matter taht composes the universe, subject to deterministic laws.
Materialism
-
For the _____, the self is whatever we choose to make it.
existentialist
-
The compatibilist holds that _____.
Freedom simply means an absence of external restraints or confinements
-
The metaphysical dualist believes the mind and body are _____.
two different things
-
_______ is a supporter within existentialism.
Jean Paul Sartre
-
Epistemology is the
study or theory of knowledge
-
Rationalists include:
Plato
-
In the Parable of the Cave, Socrates says the prisoners are like
ourselves
-
One possible danger of the rationalist view of human nature is that _____.
human beings who are less than fully rational may be considered and treated as sub-human.
-
For a metaphysical dualist, mind and body are
two things
-
The argrument of Non-Identity Discernibles is an argument used in favor of
Dualism
-
________ wrote: “Exitence precedes essence."
Jean-Paul Sartre
-
Sartre’s term “bad faith” refers to a person
who is in denial of his or her ulitmate freedom
-
In the free will debate, compatibilists claim
being free is to be without external obstacles
-
Laws of science, like Newton’s Law, have given ______ more evidence in its favor.
Determinism
-
Critics of ________ argue that the theory ignores the real question: Are we utimately free or unfree.
Compatiblism
-
Rationalists include
Plato
-
What do the following theories think about human nature?·
Psychological egoism· Traditional Rationalist View· Traditional Religious View· The Darwinian View· The Existential View
Name one person who supports each view
-
Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Ethics are (respectively) the studies of what?
-
In the debate over free will, what do the following three theories believe?·
Determinism· Libertarianism· Compatiblism
-
In the debate over moral responsibility, what do the following three theories believe?·
Determinism· Libertarianism· Compatiblism
-
Materialism vs. Dualism·
What is the central point or focus (or definition) of each?· What are the different schools of thought included in each theory?· How do they feel about the mind and the body?· What arguments do they use to prove their point?· What arguments do they use to disprove their opponent’s view?
|
|
