-
Water has an abnormally high boiling point due to intermolecular ___.
H-bonding
-
H-bonding is between H and ___.
O,N,F
-
3 types of non-covalent bonding
- ionic interaction
- h bonding
- van der wall forces
-
ionic interactions sometime result in ___, particularly in the absence of water which normally hydrates ions.
ionic salt bridges
-
__ number hydrogen bonding attractions are possible per molecule
4
-
Hydrophobic interactions ___.
The water molecules form a “cage” around the small hydrophobic droplets
-
Liquid water has a high ___.
- Heat of vaporization
- Heat capacity
-
Ions are hydrated by water molecules. The water molecules orient so the opposite charge end points to the ion to partially neutralize charge. The shell of water molecules is a ____.
Solvation sphere
-
Amphipathic molecules contain ___. Ex)
both polar and non-polar groups. Ionized fatty acids
-
Micelle?
charged head facing outward to the water and the nonpolar tail part inside
-
Sol-Gel Transitions explain
ex
- The cytosol contains a high density of polymers and is therefore likely to exist in a gelatinous state, depending on various conditions
- amoeba to drive movement.
-
Osmotic Pressure is a ___ process in which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of ___ solute concentration to a solution of ___ solute concentration.
Spontaneous, lower, higher
-
another term for shrink due to osmosis
crenate
-
another term for burst due to osmosis
hemolyze
-
Kw =
[H3O+][OH-] = 10^-14
-
Acid is __. and Base is ___.
proton donor, proton acceptor.
-
___ Ka and ___ pKa values indicate stronger acids.
Larger, smaller
-
What is a titration?
It is a process in which carefully measured volumes of a base are added to a solution of an acid in order to determine the acid concentration.
-
equivalence point :
- When chemically equal (equivalent) amounts of acid and base are present during a titration
- only the salt is present in solution
-
inflection point :
- equal moles of salt and acid are present in solution
- Thus pH = pKa
-
To a buffer solution, if strong acid is added, ___, if strong base is added, ___.
- it will react with the conjugate base and form more acid.
- it will react with the acid to form more conjugate base.
-
Maximum buffer effect occurs at the ___ for an acid.
pKa
-
high concentrations of acid and conjugate base give a high ___
buffering capcaity
-
within cells, the primary buffer is the ___ buffer.
phosphate
-
the primary blood buffer is the ___ system.
bicarbonate
-
zwitterion ?
- compound with both + and - charges.
- they are less likely to cause complications with biochemical reactions.
-
acidosis?
- pH < 7.35
- Depression of respiratory rate causes increase in carbon dioxide in blood, leading to lowered pH
-
Alkalosis
- pH > 7.45
- Hyperventilation causes a decrease in carbon dioxide in blood, leading to higher pH
|
|
