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TRANSDERMAL ADMINISTRATION
allows drug absorption through the skin via topical application in which the mediciation is slowly and steadily absorbed
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE ADMINISTRATION
- - sublingual (under tongue), buccal (between cheek and gum), ocular (eye), nasal (nose), and aural (ear)
- - sublingual & buccal routes result in systemic absorption, the remaining routes result in more local effects
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PULMONARY ADMINISTRATION
- - introduces a drug by a nebulizer or metered dose inhaler, or through an ET tube
- - all 3 methods direct the the drug to the lung tissue for action
- - ET admin is an emergency route for systemic admin
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ENTERAL ADMINISTRATION
- - delivers a drug to the GI tract where it is absorbed
- - many factors affect absorption : stress, diet, metabolic rate
- - routes include oral, gastric tube, rectal administration
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PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION
- drug is injected into the dermis (intradermal), subcutaneous, muscle (intramuscular), or veins (intravenous)
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SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION
- - promotes slow, sustained systemic absorption of drug
- - injections may be made into skin regions over the deltoid muscle, thighs, and upper abdomen
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INTRADERMAL ADMINISTRATION
- - provides little or no systemic absorption
- - used for diagnostic testing and for admin of local anesthetic
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INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION
- - permits systemic drug absorption at a moderate rate
- - may be given into the deltoid muscle, 2 inches below the acromial process, into the gluteal muscle, in the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks, into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh muscle, and into the central and lateral segment of the mid-thigh
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INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
- - injects the drug directly into the bloodstream, where it is directed to the heart, mixed with returning venous blood, and then distributed systemically
- - fastest parenteral admin route
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INHALATION ROUTES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
- - pulmonary meds are administered via nebulizer, metered dose inhaler, and ET tube
- - drugs indicated for inhalation include bronchodilators (respiratory), mucolytics (congestion), antibiotics (infection), and topical steroids (inflammation).
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Nebulizer
- - aerosolizes a small volume of liquid or dissolved medication using oxygen which is then inhaled into the lungs & absorbed quickly
- - device is assembled (mouthpiece, med reservior, O2 port, relief valve, and O2 tubing & source), and 3-5mL of solution or dissolved med is placed in medication reservoir. O2 is set to run at 5-8lpm
- - in order for a neb to be effective, pt must have adequate tidal volume & respiratory rate
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METERED DOSE INHALER
- frequently used in patients with COPD & asthma to deliver agents to induce
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