Interpersonal Chap. 1

• comm affects our personal health
• no social interaction has a negative effect on our health

• comm is the only way to help us learn who we are
• we define ourselves based on feedback from others
• comm gives us a sense of identity

• satisfies pleasure, affection, companionship, control and escape
• more socializing = more happiness

• Instrumental goals - goals attained in getting others to act how I want
• eg. tell barber what hairstlye I want
• speak and listen effectively are keys in getting a job
• Maslow's Hierarchy - physiological (food, water, shelter), safety (protection from threats), social, self esteem (believe you are worthwhile), self actualization (develop our potential, best you can be)

• goals attained in getting others to act how I want
• eg. tell barber what hairstlye I want

physiological (food, water, shelter), safety (protection from threats), social, self esteem (believe you are worthwhile), self actualization (develop our potential, best you can be)

Linear view, transactional view

• Linear Comm. View - comm is characterized as a one way event in which message flows from sender to receiver 
• Sender - person creating message
• Encodes - put thoughts into words/symbols
• Message - info transfer b/w sender and receiver
• Channel - medium through which message travels
• Receiver - one who notices and attends to message 
• Decodes - receiver attaches meaning to message. Interpretation
• Noise - external, physiological or psychological distractions that interfere w accurate transmission and reception of message
• not accurate model b/c its a rigid one way event

comm is characterized as a one way event in which message flows from sender to receiver

person creating message

put thoughts into words/symbols

info transfer b/w sender and receiver

medium through which message travels

one who notices and attends to message

receiver attaches meaning to message. Interpretation

external, physiological or psychological distractions that interfere w accurate transmission and reception of message

• Transactional Comm model - expands on linear model to better capture comm as a unique human process. Simultaneous send/receive. Ongoing process
• uses COMMUNICATOR instead of sender/receiver
• Environments - fields of expertise that reflect how well they understand one anothers behaviour. Not just location, personal experience. Not always obvious, but always a SHARED area. If area is too small comm is hard.
• noise resides w/i communicators
• Physiological Noise - biological factors that interfere. Pain, hunger, fatigue, visual problems, pounding heart, body temp, thirst, twitch, hearing loss.
• Psychological Noise - embarrassment, anger, disappointment, confusion. Forces w/i that interfere w/ the ability to understand a message accurately. Eg. student fails a test, so upset that he's unwilling to learn from mistakes.
• External - non verbal cues

• expands on linear model to better capture comm as a unique human process. Simultaneous send/receive. Ongoing process
• uses COMMUNICATOR instead of sender/receiver

• fields of expertise that reflect how well they understand one anothers behaviour.
• Not just location, personal experience.
• Not always obvious, but always a SHARED area.
• If area is too small comm is hard.

• biological factors that interfere.
• Pain, hunger, fatigue, visual problems, pounding heart, body temp, thirst, twitch, hearing loss.

• embarrassment, anger, disappointment, confusion.
• Forces w/i that interfere w/ the ability to understand a message accurately.
• Eg. student fails a test, so upset that he's unwilling to learn from mistakes.

non verbal cues

• continuous transactional process involving participants that have different but overlapping environments and create relationships through exchange of messages
• affected by physiological and psychological noise
• SHARED MEANING through interaction w/ human beings
• w/o shared meaning, zero comm happens

• some is intentional - asking a big favor, criticism
• some is unintentional - someone eavesdrops, nonverbal comm - a sigh

• we all say things we regret
• words said and deeds done are irreversible

• speak or remain silent, info is provided
• we constantly send messages
• miscomm is when your meaning is not understood by receiver
• more understanding of receiver = better comm b/c meaning is understood

• impossible to recreate an event
• some words and actions have a different meaning all the time b/c growth is occuring

• Content Dimension - info explicitly discussed. Eg turn left
• Relational Dimension - how parties FEEL towards one another. Eg 2 ways of saying "your turn to..."
• sometimes we don't care about relation. eg. food server just brings food

• info explicitly discussed.
• Eg turn left

• how parties FEEL towards one another.
• Eg 2 ways of saying your turn to do the dishes. Nice vs. demeaning

• can be unproductive
• too much can generate a (-) response

meanings are interpreted different by others

you can lie to friends to save feelings

comm is transactional (human process) therefore not one event causes a reaction

eg. complaining to teacher about grade, doesn't solve problem

• has 2 views
• Quantitative
• Qualitative

• number of people involved
• interaction b/w people, usually face to face
• Dyad - 2 people interacting = dyadic comm
• in quantitative sense, dyad and interpersonal comm are interchangeable

• development of unique rules and roles
• 1. Rational culture. eg. diss friends, more formal w/ others
• 2. irreplacability, unique and can not be replaced
• 3. interdependance - others experiences affect you as well
• 4. disclosure of personal info. thoughts and feelings
• 5. intrinsic rewards - spend time w/ friends and loved ones b/c its rewarding

balancing actmost relationships in b/w the two. can't have too much of a good thing

• use of computer based tools for human interaction
• Benefits - can meet new friends, more personal relationships. More globalized network.
• Not a replacement to face to face, can promote and reinforce it
• Challenges - leaner messages. Lack of non verbal cues, therefore hard to interpret and easily misunderstood.
• Disinhibition.
• Permanence, nothing goes away on the internet

send message w/o thinking of consequences. This has two forms, people offer personal info (facebook), and people are more critical than they would be if they were face to face

• accomplish personal goals and enhance relationship
• no ideal way to comm.
• how to learn? Watch effective models, watch and learn

• good w/ friends, bad w/ strangers
• we have areas of competence. eg. good w/ young people, bad w/ adults

• something w/ not to others
• is approach effective in eyes of receiver? 
• behavior not always appropriate in every situation

anyone can learn these skills

need a big repertoire of comm tools to help handle situationsable to adapt

context, goal, and knowledge influence how you act

knowledge and put it into practice

• construct variety of frameworks for viewing an issue
• consider issue from several angles
• critical thinking - explore possibilities and angles

• project oneself into anothers perspective
• experience someone elses thoughts and feelings
• most important aspect of competent comm.

• attending to your own behaviour and use these observations to shape the way you behave
• being aware of behaviour and the impression it has

people who car communicate better than people who dont

• 1. Beginning awareness. 
• 2. Awkward
• 3. Skilled
• 4. Integrated

• comm w/ people from different backgrounds
• inevitably we will comm w/ these people
• what is considered competence by some is not to others
• To do it effectively, need 3 things. 
• 1. Motivation
• 2. Tolerance for ambiguity
• 3. Open mindedness

willingness to comm. and reach out

• accept ALL types of messages
• eg. being quiet can be friendly to some cultures

• passive observation
• active strategies - eg. read watch films, ask q's
• self disclosure - talk about self to get more out of others