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Base unit of volume in metri system
Liter
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Chronometer
–Time piece like device used to determine longitude
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Deepest Part of Ocean
2012: Marianas Trench, 10,898 m
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First Circumnavigation
Ferdinand Magellan
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Well substantiated Hypothesis
Theory
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Types of Coral Reefs
Fringing, Barrier, and Atoll
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Nebular Cloud
•Cloud of mostly hydrogen and helium revolves and its center.
•Sun is formed when magnetic fields and gravity work to concentrate particles.–Sun diameter may have equaled diameter of planetary system.
•Sun contracted leaving planetary material behind.
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Miller and Urey
created an assortment of organic molecules and amino acids from inorganic compounds.
–Did not create life.
–Early atmospheric components may have been different.
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Layers of Earth
Litho, Atheno, Meso, and Core
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Sediment dominated by quartz
Lithogenous sediment
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Mantle Plumes or Hot Spots
Subduction zones
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Reason abyssal planes look red
Oxidation
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Reason life started in ocean
Protection from UV radiation
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Lithosphere floats on
Athenosphere
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Two main types of marine sediment
Biogenous Sediment, Lithogenous
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Silica based autotrophs
Diatoms
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Divisions of pelagic environments
Epipellagic, Misopellagic, Bathypellagic, Abyssal Pelagic
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Mineral that aligns poles
Magnetites
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type of boundary is one where the two plates slide against each other in a sideways motion.
Transform Boundaries
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Depth where calcite dissolves
Calcite condensation depth
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The origin of lithogenous sediment
Originates on the continents or islands from erosion, volcanic eruptions, or blown dust.
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Bathymetry
The study of oceanic features
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Lighted part of the ocean
Photic zone
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3 marine provinces
- •Continental margins
- –Shallow-water areas close to shore
- •Deep-ocean basins
- –Deep-water areas farther from land
- •Mid-ocean ridge
- –Submarine mountain range
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Underwater avalanches mixed with rocks and other debris.
Turbidity Currents
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Shallower than an ocean
Sea
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An asteroid colliding with proto earth
Led to the formation of the moon
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Combination of all continents
Pangea
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Father of continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener
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Most common ocean sediment
calcareous ooze
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Which of the following are techniques are commonly used to map the ocean floor in today's age of technology?
Satellites
Echo sounders
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•Macroscopic meteor debris.
•Microscopic iron-nickel and silicate spherules (small globular masses).
–Tektites
–Space dust
•Overall, insignificant proportion of marine sediments.
Cosmogenous Marine Sediments
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Fist Pacific navigatiors
Polynesians
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•Release of internal heat liquefied Earth’s surface.
•Elements began to segregate based on density
–Density Stratification
•High density materials (Fe and Ni) settled in the core.
•Less dense materials formed concentric spheres around the core.
Density Stratification
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Oceanic crust is made of
Basalt
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Two types of continental margins
Passive and active
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First to make oceanic recordings
James Cook
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Submarine Canyons
•Narrow, deep, v-shaped in profile.•Steep to overhanging walls.
•Extend to base of continental slope, 3500 meters (11,500 feet) below sea level.
•Carved by turbidity currents.
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How long will the oil from the coast of water last?
37 days
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Primary elements in Cosmogenous sediments?
Iron/Nickel
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Earths chemical layers
Crust, mantle, core
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Two animals used to support
Mesosaur/marsupial
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Happens every 250,000 years
Polar shift
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How many mass extinctions have there been
5
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