Ch. 8 Unit 2

• the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism. 
• Catabolic 
• Anabolic

• breaks things down to release ATP
• (cats destroy things)

• Builds stuff with the ATP
• (ants build things)

where part of the energy is lost in Catabolic reactions

substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without themselves being altered

• speed up the rate of metabolic reactions
• made up of apoenzyme and a cofactor
• names are usually abbreviated and usually end in -ase

• What enzymes work with 
• Enzymes can only with a specific substrate but many enzymes can use the same substrate

• can be inorganic or organic
• inorganic is a metal ion
• organic is a coenzyme that is comprised of vitamins

• a substrate touches a specific spot on the enzyme called the active site. 
• this connection creates the enzyme-substrate complex
• the substrate is then broken down by the enzyme
• the changed substrate now moves away from the enzyme
• the enzyme is now free to change another substrate

• elevated temp increases the speed of a reaction 
• lower temp slows the reaction
• too high of a temp causes the enzyme to denature and be unusable

There is an optimum PH level the enzymes like and above or below that level they don't react as fast

• competitive inhibitors
• noncompetitive inhibitors
• feedback inhibition

• compete with the normal substrate for active site of the enzymes
• So they block the actual intended substrates from being able to touch the enzymes

Alters the enzymes but doesn't touch the active site

a regulatory mechanism that prevents the cell from making excessive end-product- acts on enzymes already synthesized

• Generate ATP by removing a series of electron acceptors to molecules of oxygen (in the case of aerobic respiration) or other inorganic molecules (in the case of anaerobic respiration)
• Bacteria do it in the plasma membrane
• Eukaryotas do it in the mitochondrial membrane

• Does not produce as much energy as respiration 
• anaerobic