Oncology study guide 2.txt

stop cancer cell

supportive therapy (colony stimulating factors); stimulate BM WBC; epo stimulates RBC; interleukin stimulates production of platelets; 2 benefits-infection,anemia, allows for higher doses of meds

reduced WBCs, RBCs and platelets; monitor for infection and bleeding

observe for extravasation; handling chemo agents can cause secondary cancer, chromosome abnormalities in addition to N/V, dizziness, alopecia and nasal mucosal ulcerations

frequent mouth assessment and oral hygiene; teeth cleaning, mouth rinsing; soft bristle toothbrush or mouth sponges; avoid floss and water pressure gum cleaners; rinse with plain water or saline every hour while awake; avoid alcohol mouthwashes; monitor fluid, electrolytes, nutrition

from donor other than ct; advantage-cells should not be immunologically tolerant of a ct’s malignancy and shold cause graft v disease in cancer cells

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter > 6 mm

conditioning-regimen takes 5-10 days; goal to kill marrow to make room for donor marrow; give higher doses of chemo/radiation to get rid of cancer cells; individually tailored

risk for infection

the lowest blood counts after chemo; will give HGF to decrease length

interferon, interleukins-modify biologic response to tumor cells

stuff for mucositis, no hot or spicy foods or difficult to chew

depends on dose and duration of therapy; 2-3 weeks after therapy begins; regrows within 8 weeks

weakness and wasting of the body due to chronic illness; loss of wt, adipose tissue, supplements between meals; no fluids with meals

mostly in allogenic transplants; donated marrow recognizes recipients cells as foreign and starts immunologic attack against them; tissues most susceptible are skin, GI and liver; 25-50% will get this and 15% will die

platelet count<100000; 20000-50000-increased risk of bleeding; <20000-risk for spontaneous bleeding and we give fluids, platelets and or blood; monitor labs, move joints gently, meds to stimulate platelet production

decreased platelets, clotting factors, fibrinogen, H&H; increased PT, PTT, fibrin split products

usually seen in squamous cell lung cancer; hyponatremia due to excess water; fluid restriction, minimize client activity; give increased sodium

exposure

radiation

altered taste and fatigue

decreased numbers of RBC and hemoglobin

safe hospital environment

selective destruction of cancer cells through a chemical reaction triggered by types of laser lights; sensitivity to light up to 12 weeks after

interleukins (regulate inflammation and immune protection) and interferons (slow tumor cell division, inhibit expression of oncogenes)

hyperkalemia-give fluids (3000 ml) day before, day of and 3 days after to reduce potassium levels; some fluids should be alkaline to help prevent uric acid precipitation; can give allopurinol or IV containing glucose and insulin; administer phosphate binding gels such as aluminum hydroxide to treat hyperphosphatemia by promoting excretion in the feces

oral hydration; normal saline; ECG changes; can give calcitonin, oral glucocorticoids

hi dose radiation, anticoagulants, surgery to redirect blood flow

excisional is surgical removal of a lesion; excisional used for tumors of lip, nose, ear or breast; incisional used for dx of large tumors that require surgery for removal