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Eukaryotes
Algae, Protozoans, fungi, higher plants, and animals
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Sx of ALL bacteria
- Cell wall
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Genetic material
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Mycology
The study of fungi
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Yeasts
- Unicellular
- Normal body flora
- white powdery stuff on fruits and leaves
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Molds
- Multicellular
- Mildew, rusts
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Fungus
- The majority decompose plant material
- Made up of Hyphae and Mycelium
- 2 types that harm 1) pathogenic 2) opportunistic that attack weakened immune systems
- spoils fruits and veggies
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Mycelium
- reproductive system of fungi
- spores
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Mycosis
- Fungal infection
- chronic because fungi grow slowly
- 4 types
- superficial
- cutaneous
- subcutaneous
- systemic
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Superficial mycosis
- skin discoloration
- not harmful
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Cutaneous mycosis
- not all are pathogenic
- KOH Preps
- examples: ringworm, body, beard, jock itch, athletes foot...
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Trichophyton
- Cutaneous mycosis
- more common in adult infections
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Microsporum
- Cutaneous mycosis
- dogs and cats get it
- will fluoresce under UV
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Subcutaneous mycosis
beneath the skin
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Sporothrix Schenckii
- subcutaneous mycosis
- Referred to as Rose Grower's disease
- found in roses, hay, wood
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Systemic mycosis
- mold
- within the body
- can affect multiple tissues or organs
- enters the body through inhalation of spores
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Histoplasma capsulatum
- systemic mycosis
- 95% of causes are asymptomatic and self-limiting
- causes chronic pulmonary disease
- in areas of high nitrogen content such as chicken houses and barns
- Pathogenic
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Coccidioides immitis
- systemic mycosis
- also known as valley fever
- limited to semiarid regions like the desert SW U.S.
- you get it by inhaling an infected arthroconidia
- 60% of the infections are asymptomatic and self-limiting
- Respiratory tract infections can disseminate
- Pathogenic
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Aspergillus
- mold
- opportunistic
- very prevalent in the world
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Candida albicans
- yeast
- opportunistic
- normal flora in and on the human body
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Cryptococcus neoformans
- Yeast
- opportunistic
- causes meningitis in 2/3 with disseminated infection
- can get in spinal fluid
- from bird droppings
- tested for using the Cryptococcus antigen test
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Algae
- protista
- aquatic
- important in the food chain not hospitals
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Entamoeba histolytica
- amoebic dysentery
- causes ulcerations in the intestines
- most serious intestinal protozoa
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Giardia lamblia
- most common in this area
- protozoa
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Trichomonas
- STD (syphilis)
- can catch it from toilet or towels too
- protozoa
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Trypanosmoa
- African sleeping sickness
- from the bit of a fly
- armadillos can carry it too
- protozoa
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Troph
the living stage of a protozoa
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Cyst
the stage to keep a protozoa alive outside its host
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Plasmodium
- malaria
- complex life cycles
- grows in human liver and RBC
- Anopheles mosquito
- P.vivax (most common malaria)
- protozoa
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Cryptosporidium
- overwhelming infections in Aids and immuno compromised patients
- causes diarrhea
- in water and very hard to get if healthy
- protozoa
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Toxoplasma gondii
- Domestic cats carry it
- makes rats run to cats
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Pneumocystis
- possibly a fungus
- only catch it if VERY immuno compromised
- causes pneumonia in aids patients
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Taenia solum
- Tapeworm
- from pork
- more dangerous because it gets into muscle tissue
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Enterobius vermiculars
- pinworm
- use the scotch tape test to find it
- females leave the body through the anus
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Necator americanus
hook worm
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Trichniella spiralis
- Pork round worm
- will get into your muscles
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Ascaris lumbricoides
missionaries get it mostly
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Vectors
- arthropods that carry disease causing microorganisms
- examples: mites, ticks, lice, fleas, flies
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