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Secondary response is the same as _____.
anamnestic response
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There is the same amount of ___ in primary response as there is in secondary response. What increases in secondary response? Why?
IgM stays the same. IgG increases due to memory cells.
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What is the first line of defense? When does it set in?
- intact skin
- mucous membranes and their secretions
- sets in immediately
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What is the second line of defense? When does it set in?
- phagocytic white blood cells (neutrophils)
- inflammation
- complement
- fever
- sets in a minute to an hour
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What is the third line of defense? When does it set in?
- B&T lymphocytes
- antibodies
- sets in 10-14 days
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What is nonspecific defense?
- innate (born with it)
- 1st and 2nd lines of defense
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What is specific defense?
- learned
- 3rd line of defense
- once it sees one organism, there is an immediate response when it shows up again
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What are the blood borne molecules part of innate immune system?
- acute phase proteins
- complement
- tumor necrosis factor
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What are the 2 major mediators of inflammation?
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histamine and Bradykinin are released by what?
mast cells
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What are the steps of phagocytosis?
- 1. attachment (to pseudopods)
- 2. ingestion (of bacteria forming phagosome, moves toward lysosome)
- 3. fusion (of phagosome and lysosome)
- 4. digestion (or bacteria into nucleotides, peptides)
- 5. release (of peptides into surrounding environment)
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most important killing mechanism
superoxide generation (H2O2)
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What can T-Lymphocytes destroy?
- intracellular microbes
- malignant cells
- cells of transplanted organisms
- self cells (autoimmune disease)
-
Which TH cell produces cytokines and is part of cell-mediated immune response?
TH1
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Which TH cell produces cytokines and is part of humoral response?
TH2
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Which organs are the one in which lymphocytes arise and mature (bone marrow, thymus, etc)?
generative organs
-
Which organs are the sites where mature lymphocytes respond to foreign antigens (lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa associated lymphoid tissues and cutaneous immune system)?
peripheral organs
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cardinal features of immune responses
- 1. specificity
- 2. diversity
- 3. memory
- 4. self-regulation
- 5. discrimination of self from non-self
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an antigen molecule must have:
- foreignness
- high molecular weight
- chemical complexity
-
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IgM is not involved in ____ and is only for the production of ___.
memory; IgG
-
treatments for allergies
- avoidance
- antihistamines, cortisone
- stabilize mast cells
- therapy to bind up IgE (in extreme cases, young children)
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hypersensitivity type that is IgE mediated
type I
-
hypersensitivity that is IgG/IgM mediated
type II
-
hypersensitivity related to immune complex (Ab/Ag)
type III
-
hypersensitivity that is delayed; related to poison ivy, cheap jewelry, etc
type IV
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