NUR1020 Hunt Chapter 8: Health Promotion + Disease + Injury Prevention for Maternal/infant Populati

• times have changed-> focus shifted from focus on combating infectious diseases to addressing chronic conditions and unintentional injuries.
• health promotion-> primary disease and injury prevention strategy,
• -> applies to healthy people but also to those who do have a health condition

disease prevention -> preventing a disease  from occurring and injury prevention

• recommendations from Healthy People 2020
• -> foundation for all health promotion and disease prevention action for nurses

• higher quality
• longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death,
• achieving health equity
• eliminating disparities
• improving health of all groups
• creating health promoting environments (social and physical)
• promoting quality of life
• healthy development
• healthy behaviors across all life stages

(report is based on mortality and morbidity statistics including primary causes)

• -> many causes preventable
• -> negative impact can be minimized by early detection and intervention
•  

• gender
• race or ethnicity
• income <-> education (intrinsically related)
• disability
• rural living
• sexual orientation

• significant indicator of health disparity
• IM Rates
• US 7/1000
• African American 13.6/1000
• American Indians 8/1000
• White 5.8/1000

proportional discrepency between blacks and whites remain largely unchanged over the last 20 years (in all it has declined though)

• complex interaction of
• -genetic variations
• -environmental factors
• -specific health behaviors

now 19% (age 0-17) <-> 18% 2008

US child poverty is the highest of the top 15 richest countries

poverty limits chances for kids to grow up healthy: no grocery stores, but liquorstores, fast food,...

no access to primary health care providers

30% of kids uninsured no usual source of health care (compared to 3%)

substandard houzing -> hazards -> more lead poisoning and asthma

• -> need to develop access to fresh food, primary health care, polution free environment, safe housing _> improve childrens' long-term health
•   

• today : 9.7%
• 1959: 35%

• health of infants and children have farther reaching implications than other population groups
• critical importance as a predictor of the health of the next generation
•  

• reduce maternal deaths
• reduce maternal illness + complications due to pregnanacy
• increase rater of women receiving early and adequate care
• reduce cesarean births among low risk births
• reduce low and very low birth weight
• reduce pretirm births
• increase rate of healthy infants to put to sleep on their back
• increase abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, drugs among pregnant women
• reduce occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrom
• increase breast feeding rates
• increase access for kids with special health care needs to a
•      -medical home
•      - family centered ...system
• reduce fetal and infant deaths
• increase rate of women taking prepared childbirth classes
• increase in women with recommended weight gain during pregnancy
• reduce rate of children with metobolic disorder to experience developmental delay through screening, teaching,...

• moto vehicle accidents
• drunk drivers, unrestrained kids
• 25% pedestrian accidents

vision, hearing , BP, lead exposure, cholesterol and developmental screening

• childseats reduce risk of death 71%
• on infants and 54% for preschool children

airbags are not safe for kids under 13 and can cause fatalities-> kids under should go in the back

bike helmets -> lots of head injuries -> death or disability

obesity rates in children have doubled among children since 1980,

5% to 10% (age 6-11)

2% increased to 6% (age 12-19)

• obesity-> development of chronic illness in adulthood type 2 diabetes, asthma, heart disease...
• significant racial disparities

• increasing physical activity
• increasing of daily intake of fruits, vegetables,
• reduce fat intake
• adequate sleep for children

middle childhood: secondary prevention

accompanied by dramatical physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes

• almost half of all deaths (age 16-20) are from unintentional injury
• -less likely to wear seatbelts
• -alcohol involved in around 31% of motor vehicle  accidents fatalties
• -suicide is the third leading cause of death
• - most of new HIV cases among age 13-29
• -85% riding bike without helmet
• -18% carried a weapon
• -39% unprotected sex
•  all in all rates became better compared to 2009 or 1991
• 18% exercise a lot per day
• 22% eat halthy (5 servings of fruit and vegetables...)
• black students less likely compared to whites to smoke, binge drink but more likely to have unprotected sex