Outline Study Guide

a general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts & acts between two or more people, including both verbal & non-verbal aspects of this interhcange.

because communication takes place in so many ways

• conversations
• conferences
• conventions
• meetings
• letters
• memorandums
• reports
• manuals
• advertisements
• press releases
• documents
• records of all kinds
• electronic communications

• Sender
• Receiver
• Message
• Enviroment/Context
• Channel
• Noise
• Feedback

• one who encodes & deliveres the message
• (the primary responsibility for communication success or failure)

converting an idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning

• one who receives & decodes a message
• (processes the message and reacts both verbally & noverbally)

the process of transformating the symbols we receive into ideas & feelings

• personal experiance
• feelings
• ideas
• moods
• gender
• occupation
• religion
• political views

• a sendors words or actions
• the content of any communications

3

• * ideas & feelings you have about different things
• * that would include the connotation & denotation
• * the emotional association of a term

free meaning of a term

words or action that reprsents meaning

symbols

facial expressions, gestures and tone of voice

encode & decode messages

• a message should be organized so that the receiver does not become confused
• make sure it can be decoded
• that it's not overloaded
• or have exessive verbal or written information

the physical location & personal history surrounding the communications

the whole situation, background or enviroment relevant to a particular event, personality, creation, etc

communication

guidelines

are parliamentry procedure

knowing the group & what is acceptable

the medium through which a message passes from sender to receive

Sound & light (digital communications)

words are carried by sound waves

facial expressions, gestures, movements are carried by light waves

• a force that interferes with the porcess of communication
• any stimulas that gets in the way of sharing communication

• external noise- sights & sounds that distract
• internal noise- thoughts & feelings that get in the way

the discernable response of the receiver that tells the sender whether a message was heard or seen & understood

always be the same

should have a clear message because there are many things that complicate the communication process

speak (communicate)

• intrapersonal communication- Intra people inside
• interpersonal communication- Inter people outside

communicating with oneself includes all of our thoughts, ideas & feelings

• Self concept- the relatively stable set of perception each individual holds of himself or herself
• Sel esteem- the degree of regaurd a person holds for himself or herself

• communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals
• usually involves only two people communicating directly

the climate of the relationship

the emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partnership sends & recives

• irreplaceability
• self-disclosure
• interdependence
• small group communication
• public communication
• mass communication

there is nothing like direct communication between two people

the process of delibrately revealing information about oneself that is significant & that would not normally be known by others

a dynamic of being mutually responsible to & sharing a common set of principles with others

in that an interdependent relationship implies that all participants are emotionally, economically and or morally "interdependent"

most common in social & business settings

• usually considered public speaking
• (one person speaking with limited verbal feedback)

the transmission of message to large, usually widespread audiences via broad cast means

a dynamice set of visual, auditory or tactile symbols of communication & the elements used to manipulate them

language

• (a verb before a noun) the way your put things together
• rulse governing the arrangements of words in a sentence

rulse dealing with the meanings of words

• credibility
• self-esteem

the beliveability of a speaker or other source of information

lends to credibility

• Equivocal terms(multiple)
• Relative terms
• Eqphemisms
• Emotive terms

words that have more than one dictonary meaning

words that gain their meaning through comparison

pleasant term subsituted for more direct, less pleasant terms

• denotation-the objective, emotion free meaning of words
• connotation- the emotional association of words

• recognizable signs
• transmits feelings
• ambiguous response
• culture appropriate

in order for non verbal communication to occur, you must use signs, gestures, posture, etc that are recognizable to the participants

good non verval communication will not only give meaning, but will also cause the receiver to feel emotion

a disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder's position

ambiguous

can be very revealing but it also can be obscure & indefinte, you should never assume your interpretation of a behavior is absolutely accurate

non verbal communication varies from one culture to another

as something different in another culture

• kinesics
• time sense
• touch
• physical attractiveness
• clothing
• proxemics

the study of body movements, gestures & posture

attitudes & intrests in what we are trying to convey

it is impossible to descrive the number & kinds of expressions you can produce with your face

add to other facial expressions & you have created the most complicated channel of communication there is to understand

being on time & having good sense of time is an important form of non verbal communication

• communicates many messages and interpretation can depend on a variety of factors
• (such as ethnic background or gender of those involved)

how much care you take in presenting yourself

could be included as a part of physical attrativeness

• economic level
• educational level
• trust worthiness
• social position
• level of sophistication
• level of success
• moral character

the study of how people & animals use space

can send many messages

unitentional reactions to sensory fluctuations or shifts, such as subtle changes in the sound & pitch of a person's voice

reliably correlated w/ physical distance, as are intimate & personal distance

• intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering
• close phase- less then 6 in.
• far phase- 6 to 18 in.

• personal distance for interactions amoung good friends
• close phase- 1.5 to 2.5 feet

• social distance for interactions amoung acquaintances
• close phase- 4 to 7 feet
• far phase- 7 to 12 feet

• public distance used for public speaking
• close phase- 12 to 25 feet
• far phase- 25 feet or more

• misinterpretation is a constant problem with non verbal communication
• mainly because of cultural differences in what gestures mean & in proxemics

• hearing
• attending- the process of focussing on certain stimuli from the enviroment
• understanding
• remembering

• psendo listening
• stage hogging
• defensive listening
• selective listening
• faulty assumptions

(fake) giving the appearance of listening only

not listening because you are only intrested in what you have to say

you hear the speaker arguing with you even when the speaker is elaborating on your idea, asking you to elaborate on it, or fundamentally agreeing with you

taking innocent comments as personal attacks

this is when a person hears another but selects to not attend to what is being said by choice or desire to hear some other message

incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understant

• informational listening
• evaluateive listening
• empathetic listening

listening to understand another person or idea

listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of the speakers remarks

listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem

• do not judge prematurely
• look for the key ideas of what is being said
• listen for emotions
• ask questions
• analyze what you have heard

• Dateline
• Inside Address
• Salutation
• Body
• Complimentary Close
• Signature Block
• Reference Initials
• Enclosure Reminder

Indicates that copies were made of a buisness letter & who received copies

A polite, formal way to end a letter

Actual message of the letter

Style of letter in which all lines of type begin at the left margin of the page

Two currently accepted formats for business letters

To save the reader time & convey the message in best way possible

• Objective of the letter
• who is the reader?
• What is the appropriate message concerning the specific sitation

Component of a resume should include your name, address, phone number, & email address

Includes the address of the person or organization receiving a business letter

(Attention Line) Should be used when sending a business letter to an organization in which you are not sure exactly who the letter should be addressed to

style of letter is most widely used because it is easy to format

Style of punctuation uses a colon after the salutation and a comma after the complimentary close

style of punctuation uses no punctuation after the salutation or the complementary close

justification recommended for business letters

• can be used to explain policies, procedures & guidelines within an organization
• vital means of exchanging information with an organization

• a request for action
• a summary of the contents of the memo
• a simple closing thought if a summary is not necessary

good geometrical size for an ad

a public relations term for the typestyle & design of the name of your funeral home

ad that works well will have it's elements divided in this amount

any paid form of non-personal presentation & promotion of ideas, goods & services by an identified sponsor

is what effective advertising

should be placed in the center of the upper left hand quarter of the page

starting point of advertising

can double the amount of readership of an ad

• a brief statement of your career goals on a resume
• part of a resume that conveys a sense of direction to a prospective employer

should include jobs, volunteer activities & internships

part of the resume that should be "Available on request"

• document that will increase your visibility for a job search
• what can give a prospective employer an idea of what you can contribute to their company
• considered to be your first contact with an employer

• considered the traditional format
• simply looks at the various types of work you have done, the specific task you have been assigned & accomplishments you have made in the workplace
• places the major focus on the occupations that you have had in the past
• shows your well-rounded experience
• summarizes your skills & accomplishments under each job listed

• minimizes a sporadic employment
• gives no specific dates of employment
• its becoming more popular
• minimizes the number of companies you have worked for
• works best for applicants that have been employed for 10 years or longer at the same place
• minimizes your age