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Moro Reflex
(birth-3 months) When startled the hands go out. Lack of this reflex means there IS brain damage
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tonic neck reflex
(birth-7 months) the fencing position while laying on one side.
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babinski reflex
(birth-variable) toes fan out
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acrocyanosis
Newborns hands and feet are blue
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perinatology
study and support of the fetus and neonate
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fontanelles
unossified spaces "soft spots" on the cranium of the young infant
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Algo hearing screening test
Series of soft clicks in sleeping infants ear.
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Neonates' Vitals
- T; Axillary 96.8-99
- hr; 120-160
- R; 30-60
- BP; 80/50
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Infants Vitals
- T; rectal 99.6
- HR; 100-120
- R; 20-40
- BR; 90/60
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Freud's Psychosexual Theory
*Libido drives human behavior*
- *ID: Inborn drive for pleasure
- *Ego: concience based on reality
- *Superego: concience influenced by society
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Freuds' stages of development
- 1. oral stage: (birth-year) pacifiers, suckling
- 2. anal stage: (2-3 years) potty training. Can create stubborn and controlling child with this implementation of rules
- 3. phallic/oedipal stage: (4-5 years) Aware of sexual identity. intense love for parent of the opposite sex
- 4. latency stage: (6 years-puberty) Influenced by peers
- 5. genital stage: (puberty -on) libido takes over
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
- 8 stages.
- First stage: infancy
- Trust vs. mistrust
Consistantly meeting needs creates trust
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neonate body measurements
- weight: 6-9lbs
- Length: 9-21in
- Height: grows 1in per month
- Head: 13-14.5in
- Chest: 12.5cm-14in (usually 2cm less than head)
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Infant body measurements
In six months the weight doubles
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Physical developement in a neonate (birth-1month)
- no neck support
- eyes: strabismus (coocoo), @2months develope tears, blue/grey eyes
- ears: top of flimsy ears should be eye level, immediate noise response
- mouth: epsteins pearls lasting 1-2 days
- abdomen: round, slightly protruding. Imbilicle cord falls off @ 10days
- genitals: Females (slightly swollen) Male (palpable testes in scrotum)
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Infants' physical development
- head: posterior fontinelles close @ 3months
- neck: @ 3months able to hold head
- eyes: @ 3-6monts true color , @2months response to faces, @3-6months recognition of familiar faces
- ears: @ 3 months able to locate sound
- mouth: 2 bottom teeth. @1 year top teeth
- chest: becomes more proportioned to the head breast may be puffy
- poop: Breast fed/bright mustard w/ low odor bottle fed/ yellow green w/ some odor
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neonate motor development
- raise and turns head
- sucking present
- gag reflex
- tonic neck reflex
- babinski reflex
- moro reflex
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Infants' motor development
- @3-6months crawling and rolling
- @ 6 months sit up without support
- @ 9 months able to pull themselves up
- @ 1 year able to walk
- pincer grasp
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infants cognitive skills
- @ 3-6 months recognize mom and dad
- @ 6-9 months likes to bang things, recognizes name
- @ 9-12 months like the pointing game
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Infants language skills
- starts w/ touch
- hold bottles
- @ 1-4 months babbling and vowel sounds
- @ 4-8 months 2 sylable words
- @ 8-12 months 3 word vocab
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Infants play
- @ 4-8 months solitary play
- paddy cake
- peekaboo
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Sleep and rest requirements
- neonate: 18-20 hours
- infant: @ 3-6 months they need 8-10 hours
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Infant health promotions
- NO low fat food until after 2 years
- no honey
- more than 6 diapers a day
- if dehydrated: elevated hr, fontinelle depressed (can lead to heart attack and stroke)
- 100calories per kg a day
- no cow milk till over 1
- @ 4-6 months able to eat solid food
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Infants health promotion
- feed on demand
- breast feeding gives immunity
- born w/ 6 months supply of iron
- can give immunizations as early as one month
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cephalocaudal
head to toe
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growth and development assessment tools
- growth charts-measures physical growth
- DDST (Denver Development Screening Test)- motor skills
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