There are four bone classifications; what are they and give me some example?
1. Long bones: Femur and Humerus
2. Short bones: Wrist and ankle bones
3. Flat bones: Skull, sternum, and scapula
4. Irregular bones: Vertebrae, mandible, and pelvic bones
The Skull consists of (how many) bones?
1. How many of them form the framework of the head?
2. How many of them are ear bones?
Skull consist of 28 bones
1. 22
2. 6
The Vertebral column consists of (how many) movable or true vertebrae?
24
The spinal column is divided into five regions; what are they?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal
There are (how many) cervical vertebrae in the neck?
The first cervical vertebrae is called the what?
The second is the highly specialized what?
1. 7
2. the Atlas
3. Axis
The seventh cervical vertebra has a prominent projection that can easily be felt at the bottom of the neck.
True or False
True
There are (how many) vertebrae in the thoracic region?
12
The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the frontal portion of the 12 ribs to form the frontal wall of the thoracic region (chest) or rib cage.
(True or False)
False
*POSTERIOR PORTION
*POSTERIOR WALL
There are (how many) lumbar vertebrae?
5
The thorax is formed by 12 ribs on each side and articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae.
True or False
True
The 1st seven pairs of ribs are called what?
True Ribs
The remaining five pairs of ribs are called what?
(Hint: their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly)
False ribs
The last two rib pairs are known as what?
(hint: Has no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum)
Floating ribs
The (WHAT) skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities?
Appendicular skeleton
What are the six classifications of freely movable joints?
1. Ball-in-socket
2. Condyloid
3. Gliding
4. Hinge
5. Pivot
6. Saddle joints
The four types of taste sensations are what?
Sweet, Sour, Bitter and Salty
Deglutition is the swallowing of food and it is divided into three phases; What are they?
(Hint: Phase one is voluntary and Phase two and three are involuntary)
Phase I: The collection and swallowing of masticated food.
Phase II: Passage of food through the pharynx into the beginning of the esophagus.
Phase III: The passage of food into the stomach.
What is the longest muscle in the body?
(Hint: It extends diagonally across the front of the thigh from its origin at the ilium down to the tibia.)
Sartorius
The total blood volume of the average adult is (how many) liters?
5 to 6 liters
Plasma constitutes (____) percent of whole blood and it is a clear, slightly alkaline, straw-colored liquid consisting of about (_____) percent water.
55%
92%
Blood of the average man contains (____) million red cells per cubic millimeter;
Women have fewer red cells, (____) million per cubic millimeter.
5
4.5
What is the key of the red cell's ability to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Hemoglobin
Red blood cells live only about 100 to 120 days in the body.
True or False
True
The (what) is the graveyard where old, worn out cells are removed from the blood stream?
Spleen
What are white blood cells (WBC)? And what is the normal WBC count?
Leukocytes
6,000 to 8,000 per cubic millimeter
The normal clotting time is 3 to 5 minutes.
True or False
True
What is an inherited disease characterized by delayed clotting of the blood and consequent difficulty in controlling hemorrhage?
Hemophilia
The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac, called the (_____). The smooth surfaces of the heart and pericardium are lubricated by a serous secretion called (_____). The inner surface of the heart is lined with a delicate serous membrane, known as the (_____).
Pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Endocardium
The heart muscle, the (_____), is striated like the skeletal muscles of the body, but involuntary in action, like the smooth muscles.
Myocardium
The Contraction of the heart is called (___) and the Relaxation of the heart is called (___)?
Systole
Diastole
The contraction of the heart are stimulated and maintained by the (____) commonly called the pacemaker of the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
(____) is located in the floor of the right atrium near the septum that separates the atria.
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
Once the cardiac impulse reaches the far side of the AV node, it quickly passes through a group of large fibers which make up the AV bundle (also called the bundle of His).
True or False
True
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What crosses the anterior surface of the elbow and it is the most commonly used for venipuncture.
Median cubital
The great saphenous vein originates on the inner aspect of the foot and extends up the inside of the leg and thigh to join the femoral vein in the upper thigh.
True or False
True
Once the interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries, the fluid is called lymph.
True or False.
True
It is important to recognize that cells, viruses, and other particles have unique molecules and groups of molecules on their surfaces that can be used to identify them. These molecular makers visible to the immune system are called what?
Antigens
What are the five different categories of the nervous system?
(Hint: One nervous system subdivides into two nervous systems)
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
3. Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) which is subdivided into:
4. Sympathetic Nervous System
5. Parasympathetic Nervous System
The structure and functional unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell, or (___), which can be classified into three types.
1.Sensory
2.Motor
3.Inter(______)
Neuron
The Brain has six major divisions; What are they?
(Hint: M.O.MPays the C.D.C)
Medulla
Oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
a
y
s
the
Cerebrum
Diancephalon
Cerebellum
The outer surface of the brain is called the (____). This portion of the brain is also called "____".
Cortex
"Gray Matter"
What is the larges and most superiorly situated portion of the brain?
Cerebrum
What is the concerned chiefly with bringing balance, harmony, and coordination to the motions initiated by the cerebrum?
(Hint: Harmony)
Cerebellum
The outer surface of the brain and spinal cord is covered with three layers of membranes called the meninges. What are those three layers?
1. Dura Mater: the strong outer layer
2. Arachnoid Membrane: the delicate middle layer.
3. Pia Mater: is the vascular inner-most layer that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
The total quantity of spinal fluid bathing the spinal cord is about 70 ml.
True or False
False
*75 ml
The PNS includes (how many) pairs of cranial nerves and (how many) pairs of spinal nerves.
12
31
The inner layer of the eye is the retina. It contains layers of nerve cells called (_____) and (______), which are the receptors of the sense of vision.
Rods and Cones
The middle ear is a cavity in the temporal bone, lined with epithelium. It contains three auditory ossicles; What are they?