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One of the major problems facing anthropologists doing research is:
forming an objective hypothesis that is not culture-bound about phenomena in another culture.
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The subject matter of cultural anthropology is closely related to that of the:
social sciences
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The humanistic side of anthropology is most evident in the discipline's concern with:
a culture's values and achievements in the arts and literature.
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A major concern of physical anthropology is:
humans as biological organisms
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The primary focus of interest of cultural anthropology is:
patterns of human behaviour in societies
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Ethnography is the:
systematic description of a culture based on firsthand observation
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A theory is a:
system of validated hypotheses
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A hypothesis is a:
tentative explanation of the relationship between certain phenomena
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According to the textbook, the most important contribution anthropology can make to present-day North American society is to:
promote clearer understanding of other peoples and cultures
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A key part of Edward Burnett Tylor's classic definition of culture is that culture is:
a complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits.
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A key part of a recent definition of culture is that culture is:
a set of rules or standards that, when acted upon by the members of a society, produces behavior that members consider to be proper and acceptable.
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A culture is "shared" in the sense that:
members of the group generally hold the same ideals, values and standards.
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"A group of interdependent people who share a common culture" is Haviland's definition of:
society
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In the process called "enculturation":
one learns the culturally appropriate ways of satisfying one's needs.
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Language is the most important:
symbolic aspect of a culture.
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Anthropologists have found that the parts of a culture tend to function as an interrelated whole. This phenomenon is called:
integration
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The human species is unique among animals in its adaptations because humans:
have usually made cultural adaptations.
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Cultural adaptation, as defined in the textbook, includes:
- The process by which organisms make a beneficial adjustment to an available environment.
- The results achieved through changes in biological or physical structure over many generations.
- Possession of characteristics that enable organisms to overcome hazards and secure needed resources.
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In general, the most important incentive for members of the society who adhere to its cultural standards is:
social approval and acceptance.
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The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones is called:
ethnocentrism
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Walter Goldschmidt's approach to evaluating cultures is concerned mainly with how the culture:
satisfies physical and psychological needs.
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Archaeology is best defined as the study of:
material remains
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An ethical standard for ethnologists who are in contact with an isolated society is that ethnologists should:
be aware that their contact with an isolated society could cause harm to that culture.
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Which social scientists are the ones most likely to make cross-cultural comparisons?
ethnologists
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Ethnocentrism is best defined as the:
belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones.
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he scientific approach is best described as the:
development of testable explanations for observed phenomena.
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The most important reason for ethnographic fieldwork is that it:
provides an opportunity to discover previously unknown patterns in culture.
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The most desired result of participant observation by the ethnographer is:
an explanation of how the society's practices and traditions fit into a meaningful whole.
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Science defines the term "theory" as:
an explanation of natural phenomena supported by reliable data.
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In 1501 nearly all European accounts describe the east coast of North America as:
densely populated
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At contact Native Americans describe Europeans as:
physically weak, sexually untrustworthy, and atrociously ugly
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The pilgrims disliked native dress because:
the Indians were fashion victims
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Starting in 1616 viral hepatitis is thought to have killed as many as ___% of the Native American population in New England.
90%
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It is thought that the earliest large-scale human societies arose where there is a wide range of altitudes and topographies within a short distance. An example of this is found in:
Peru
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Cook and Borah state that in 1491 Central Mexico was:
the most densely populated area on Earth
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Traditionally Native Americans are thought to have colonized the America's by crossing the Bering straights land bridge and walking down an ice corridor approximately ___ years ago:
13,500 years
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The European who conquered the Aztec was:
Cortes
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Cook and Borah estimate that after the European conquest only __% of the population of central Mexico survived.
3%
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One of the new theories about how the Americas were first populated, as discussed in "the First Americans" video, was:
people followed a trail of kelp from Japan
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One of the important points regarding early technologies discussed in "the First Americans" video, was:
that it builds on prior models
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One of the mysterious findings by physical anthropologists in "the First Americans" video was:
that there were no transitions in the development of the skulls of early Americans
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Many of the older skeleton found in North America show signs of:
death by warfare
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"The First Americans" video concludes that the first settlers of this hemisphere:
were capable pioneers
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From the standpoint of linguistics, a symbol is:
a sound or a gesture that has an agreed-on meaning.
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The rules a language follows in phrase and sentence construction constitute the language's:
syntax.
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The division of linguistics that is most concerned with the relationships of older languages to modern ones is:
historical linguistics
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The division of linguistics that is most concerned with studying the complete system of a single language at one point in time is:
descriptive linguistics
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A phoneme is:
the smallest class of sounds that may made a difference in meaning.
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In linguistics, syntax refers to the:
rules governing the making of phrases, clauses, and sentences.
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An example of a kinesic message is:
a hand or arm gesture.
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Studies of core vocabulary are important in glottochronology because:
the rate at which common words change is helpful in determining the date that one language branched off from another.
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In the hypothesis developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf, the phrase "grooves of expression" means that:
a language is a shaping force that predisposes people to see the world in a certain way and that guides their thinking and behavior.
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The field of study most concerned with the dialects of a particular language is:
sociolinguistics
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In studying the languages of various isolated societies, anthropologists have found:
all languages are able to convey complex and subtle messages.
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The definition of personality in the textbook includes:
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A frequent criticism of "national character" studies is that they:
do not sufficiently recognize countless individuals who vary from the generalization.
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The core value that North Americans of European descent hold in highest esteem is:
individualism.
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A behavior thought to be associated with great spiritual powers in some American Plains Indian tribes was:
a man's assuming the dress of a woman.
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Anthropological studies seem to indicate that culture influences the:
- form a mental illness will take
- diagnosis of a mental condition
- treatment of a mental condition
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In Western industrialized societies, child rearing:
includes professionals as a part of the process.
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The behavioral environment is:
organized and perceived through the culture.
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Anthropologists study child-rearing techniques because those practices:
have a significant effect on the personality of adults.
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Margaret Mead's studies in Samoa:
provided evidence that adolescence is not always accompanied by some degree of stress and conflict.
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The type of society in which parents typically spend the least amount of time with their children is probably:
an industrial society.
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Dependence training of children is associated with:
encouraging compliance in the performance of assigned tasks.
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One difficulty in determining modal personality is that:
the measurement techniques for this research are difficult to carry out in the field.
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