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what is necessary for translation to occur?
only with ribosomes and tRNA
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what is the anticodon in tRNA complementary to?
triplet codon sequence in mRNA
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what can the nucleotide base inosinic bond with?
U, C, A
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what charges tRNA with amino acid?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, at least 20 different synthetases for each amino acid
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what are the terms for initiation, elongation and termination cofactors
IF, EL, RF
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what is the role of initiation factors?
stabilizes the 30 S subunit, binds f-met tRNA, and mRNA
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what is the role of elongation and termination factors?
- EL: bring aminoacyl-tRNA to A site
- RF: release of polypeptide chain from tRNA, dissociation of complex
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what is the role of peptidyl transferase
make peptide bonds between charged tRNAs
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what is the translation error rate?
10^-4
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how does termination happen in translation?
when GTP dependent release factors cleave the polypeptide from the terminal tRNA bound to the ribosome
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what happens in sickle cell anemia
Beta chain of hemoglobin are altered due to a single amino acid change
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Creutzfeld-Jakob disease?
mutation alter major prion protein, triggering misfolding and prion formation
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what are some post-translational modifications?
- n-terminus amino acid is acetylated and Met is removed
- modification of amino acid to prevent charged interactions with other molecules
- addition of carbohydrate side chains
- trimming of polypeptide chains
- removal of signal sequences
- addition of metal atoms
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