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Angiography
injection of contrast medium into the arterial vessel and visualization of vessels as radio-opaque material passes through them
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Ankle-arm index (AAI) Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
The ratio of the ankle systolic pressure to the arm systolic pressure; an objective measurement of arterial disease that allows quantification of the degree of stenosis
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Arteriosclerosis
Diffuse process whereby the muscle fibers and the endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles thicken
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Atherosclerosis
Disease process that affects the intima of the large and medium-sized arteries; consists of the accumulation of lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue on the intimal layer of a large - or medium-sized artery
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Bruit
Sound produced by turbulent flow of the blood through a dilated segment of an arterial vessel.
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Collateral Circulation
Growth of new vessels to replace occlude ones
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Duplex Ultrasound
Combines B-mode-gray-scale imaging of tissue, organs, and blood vessels with capabilities of estimating velocity changes by use of a pulsed Doppler
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Endarterectomy
A surgical procedure which excises the inner layer of an artery which has become thickened by atherosclerosis
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Homan's Sign
Pain in calf after sharp dorsiflexion of the foot.
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Intermittent claudication
A muscular cramp-like pain in extremities brought on by exercise and relieved by rest
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International Normalized Ration (INR)
Method of measuring anticoagulant levels, such as warfarin (Coumadin); devised to bring a universal application to the calibration of the system to monitor anticoagulation achieved buy oral medications
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Oscillometry
A diagnostic test which measure alterations in the pulse volume at different levels of an extremity
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Peripheral Vascular Disease
(PVD) Any condition that disrupts blood flow to veins or arteries, with the exception of pulmonary and coronary arteries.
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Plethysmography
Impedance pleysmography is used to measure venous outflow in the lower legs when pneumatic cuffs wrapped around the thighs are inflated and deflated
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Rubor
Reddish, blue discoloration of skin
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Sympathectomy
A surgical interruption of part of the sympathetic nerve pathway, performed for the relief of chronic pain in vascular disease
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Sympathomimetic
A drug that mimics the effect of stimulation of organ and structures by the sympathetic nervous system
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Sympatholytic
Drugs which reduce or prevent the action of sympathomimetic agents.
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Vasoconstriction
A narrowing of the lumen of any blood vessel
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Vasodilation
Widening or distention of any blood vessel
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