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Epididymis
- Receives sperm from testis
- Transports sperm to urethra
- 3 parts: Head, Body, and Tail
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Head of Epididymis
- Receives sperm from testis
- Concentrates sperm
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Body of Epididymis
Sperm Maturation
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Tail of Epididymis
Sperm Storage
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Spermatic Cord Functions
- Provide attachment and support of testis to the body
- Provide vascular, nervous, and lymphatic connection to body
- Heat exchange
- Pulse pressure eliminator
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Spermatic Cord consists of
- Pampiniform Plexus
- Cremaster Muscle
- Vas Deferens
- Nerves and Lymphatics
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Pampiniform Plexus
- Majority of spermatic cord
- Testicular artery
- Testicular vein
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Functions of Pampiniform Plexus
- Heat exchange
- Hormone exchange
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Cremaster Muscle
- Primary muscle supporting the testis
- Striated (skeletal) muscle
- Aid in temperature control (blood movement in pampiniform plexus)
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Vas Deferens
- From tail of the epididymis to the urethra
- Transport sperm
- Thick muscular layer:
- Nonexcited- steady smooth contractions
- Excited- increase contractions(strength and number)
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Urethra
Transport of sperm from vas deferens to the outside environment
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Glands
- Produce Seminal Fluid:
- Aids in transport of sperm through urethra
- Adds volume ti ejaculate
- Aids in viability/motility in female tract
- -->Contains hormones that stimulate female contractions
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Vesicular Glands (Seminal Vesicles)
- Paired, lobed glands, by junction of bladder and urethra
- Empty into urethra
- Add volume to ejaculate
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Prostate Gland
- Variation in shape and location
- Secrete fluid to clean and lubricate urethra during stimulation
- Add small amount of volume to semen
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Corpus Prostate
- Lobe of glandular tissue
- Dog, tom, stallion, boar, bull
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Disseminate Prostate
- Glandular tissue spread along pelvic urethra
- Ram, boar, bull
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Bulbourethral Glands
- Paired glands on either side of pelvis urethra
- Bull, ram, stallion: smaller
- Boar: larger
- Produce viscous secretin that will cause seminal plasma to coagulate following ejaculation
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Penis
- Male organ of copulation
- 3 parts: Root, Body(shaft), Glans
- 2 Types: Fibroelastic, Musculovascular
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Body(Shaft) of Penis
- Makes up most of length
- Corpus Cavernosum: majority of shaft
- Corpus Spongiosum: Surrounds urethra
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Glans of Penis
- Terminal portion, deposits sperm in female at copulation
- Prepuce(foreskin) - covers and protects glans
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Fibroelastic Penis
- Found in boars, bulls, rams
- Encased by connective tissue
- Sigmoid Flexure
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Sigmoid Flexure
- S-shaped configuration of the shaft
- Retractor penile muscle
- Relaxed state-contracted
- Excited state-extended, relaxed
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Musculovascular Penis
- Found in stallions, primates, dog, tom
- not enclosed by connective tissue
- Large sinusoids that fill with blood
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Ischiocavernosus Muscles
At root of penis
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Pelvic Urethral Muscle
- Surrounds Urethral Muscle
- Sperm Transport
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Bulbospongiosis
- Ventral side of shaft
- Empties urethra
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Goal of Reproduction Steps
- Sperm production, maturation, transport
- Reproductive Behavior
- Copulation
- Ovulation
- Fertilization
- Implantation
- Placentation
- Gestation
- Parturition
- Lactation
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Sperm Production
Occurs in the seminiferous tubules in the testes
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Sperm Maturation
Occurs in the body of the epididymis
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Sperm Transport
Occurs in the seminiferous tubules to the oviduct
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Reproductive Behavior
- Vocalization
- Locomotion
- Mounting
- Urinating
- Standing Estrous
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Copulation
- Way to move sperm from male to female
- Penis
- Vagina
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Ovulation
- Females have reproductive cyclicity
- Ovaries-follicle
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Cyclicity
Release/ovulate one-many oocytes per cycle
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Fertilization
- Spermatazoa and oocyte fuse together
- Oviduct (ampullary-isthmic junction or ampulla)
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Implantation
- Embryo migrates from oviduct to uterus
- Implants into uterine wall
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Placentation
- Embryo builds placenta
- Uterus
- Placenta: organ that transports nutrients and wastes between dam and fetus
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Gestation
- Fetus grows in placenta, attached to uterine wall
- Uterus and placenta
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Parturition
- Birthing process
- Uterus, Vagina, vulva, cervix, vestibule, placenta
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Lactation
- Provides nutrients/immunity to offspring
- Mammary gland
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Sperm Transport
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Rete tubules
- Efferent ducts
- Head
- Body
- Tail
- Vas Deferens
- Urethra
- Vagina
- Cervix
- Uterus
- Isthmus
- Ampulla
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Oocyte Transport
- Follicle
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
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Fetal Transport
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
- Vestibule
- Vulva
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